Term
|
Definition
Abstract
Orientation
Complicating Action
Evaluation
Resolution
Coda |
|
|
Term
Conversation or Dialogue
as an Active Process |
|
Definition
Make Statements
Ask Questions
Make Requests |
|
|
Term
Grice's Conversational Maxims
Quantity |
|
Definition
| Be as informative as required, but not more informative than require |
|
|
Term
Grice's Conversational Maxims
Quality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Grice's Conversational Maxims
Relevance |
|
Definition
| Make your contribution relevant and related to the topic |
|
|
Term
Grice's conversational Maxims
Manner |
|
Definition
| Be clear, avoid obscurity, ambiguity, vagueness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
# of People: two or more
Topic: Fixed
Turn Order: Fixed
Turn Length: Fixed
Most rigidly structured type of conversation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Number of People: Varies
Topic: Fixed
Turn Order: Fixed
Turn Length: Varies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Number of People: Varies
Topic: Partially Fixed
Turn Order: Varies
Turn Length: Varies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Number of People: Varies
Topic: Varies
Turn Order: Varies
Turn Length: Varies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
how a listener responds to a certain cue from the speaker
s: complains l: apologizes
s: questions l: answers
s: invites l: accepts/declines
s: compliments l: acknowledges
s: greets l: greets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
refers to the shared understanding of those involved in the conversation
Person A knows information X
Person B knows information X
A knows that B knows
B knows that A knows |
|
|
Term
Conversational Rules:
Opening |
|
Definition
1. Address Person
2. Request Information
3. Offer Information
4. Use stereotyped expression (Hello)
5. Use stereotyped topic (Weather) |
|
|
Term
Conversational Rules:
Turn Taking |
|
Definition
Taking Turns
•Rules for taking turns: produce an orderly shift between speakers
•The speaker may pick the next speaker – done so by directing a question to another peson
•If the speaker doesn’t choose anyone, someone else may speak up – self-selection
•The speaker may continue to speak |
|
|
Term
Conversational Rules:
Closing |
|
Definition
•Ways to end conversations include:
•Present a preclosing statement
•Well, so, ok
•Summarizing the content of the conversation
•Justifying ending contact at this time
•Expressing pleasure about each other
•Making reference to the ongoing relationship
•Planning for future contact
•Wishing each other well |
|
|
Term
| Nonverbal behavior in conversation |
|
Definition
Turn-Yielding Signal
Attempt-Suppressing Signal
Cohesive Gestures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Drop in Pitch
2. Drawl on the final syllable or final stressed syllable
3. Termination of hand gestures
4. Use of stereotyped expressions (e.g. you know)
5. Drop in loudness
6. Completion of a grammatical clause |
|
|
Term
| Attempt-Suppressing Signal |
|
Definition
continued use of hand gestures to prevent the listener from taking their turn.
Used as a method to continue speaking when conversation becomes ambiguous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Men make more interruptions and delay minimal responses longer when speaking with women
women are less assertive in their language
women use tag questions more often |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a verbal cue such as uh-hmm to show that the listener is listening.
Delayed more by men when talking to women about female topics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It's awfully cold in here, isn't it? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
same group of children are studied repeatedly over time
shows history effects and attrition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| different children/age groups are compared to each other at the same time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attention to a stimulus tends to decrease over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pointing
Waving
Crying
Emotional Expressions
Come about before verbal communcation |
|
|
