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| the discipline concerend wtih behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organisms physcial state, mental state, and external environment. |
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| evidence gathered by careful observation, expermentation, and measurement. |
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| greek for "study of mind" |
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| trained in medicine and philosophy, promoted a method called trained introspection. |
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| in which volunteers were taught to carefully observed, anaylize, and describe their own sensations, mental images, and emotional reactions. |
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| an early apporach to scientific psychology. emphasized the funcion or purpose of behavior, as opposed to its analysis and description. |
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| an american philosopher, physician and psychologist. attempting to grasp the nature of the mind through introspection. |
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| an obscure neurologist, listening to patients reports and decided they were mental, not bodly |
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| a theroy of personality and a method of psychotherapy. oridinally formuatled by sigmund freud, that emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts. |
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| a psychological approach that empahsizes bodily events and changes associated with action, feelings, and thoughts |
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| a field of psychology emphasing evoluitionary mechanisms that may help explain human commonalities in cognition, development, emotion, social practices, and other areas of behavior. |
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| a psychological apporach that emphasizes how the environment and experience affect a persons or animals actions; it includes behavioirism and social- cognitive learning theories. |
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| sociocultural perspective |
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| a psychological approach that empahazies social and cultural influences on behavior. |
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| Psychodoynamic perspective |
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| a psychological approach that emphasizes unconsious dynamics within the individual, such as inner forces. conflicts or the movement of instincutal energy |
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| a psychological apporach that emphazes free will, personal growth, resilence and the achievnemnet of human potential. |
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| the study of psychological issues in order to seek knowledge for its own sake rather than for its practical application |
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| a psychologicial approach that emphasizes mental processes in perception, memory, language, problem solving, and other areas of behavior |
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| the study of psychological issues that have direct practicial signifance, also the application of psychological findinings |
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| the ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgements on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence rather than emotion or anecodte |
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| a statemnt aht attempts to predict or to accoutn for a set of phenomena; scientific hypotheses specify relationships among events or veriables and are empiricially tested |
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| a precise definition of a term in a hypothesis, which specifies the operations for observign and measuring the process or phenomenon being defined. |
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| principle of falsifiability |
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| the princible that a scientific theroy must make predictions that are specific enough to expose the theroy to the possibility of disconfirmation |
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| an organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of phenomena and their interrealtionships |
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| a group of individuals selected from a population for study, which matches that population on important characteristics such as age and sex |
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| methods that yield descriptions of behavior but not necessarily causal explantations |
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| a detailed descripition of a particular individual being studied or treated |
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| a study in which the researcher carefully and systematically observes and records behavior without interfering with the behavior; it may involve either naturalistic or laboratory observation |
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| procedures used to measure and evaluate personality traits, emotional states, aptitudes, intersts, abilities, and values |
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| in test construction to develop uniform procedues for giving and scoring a test |
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| in test construcion, established standards of performance |
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| in test construction, the consistency of test scores form one time and place to another |
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| the ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure |
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| questionaires and interviews that ask people directly about thier experiences, attuties or opinions |
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| a shortcoming of findings derived from a sample of volunteers instead of a representative sample; the volunteers may differ from those who did not volunteer. |
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| a descripitve study that looks for a consistent relationship between two phenomena |
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| a measure of how strongly 2 variables are related to each other |
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| characteristics of behavior or experience that can be measured or described by a numeric scale; variables are manipulated and assessed in scientfic studies |
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| an association between incresase in one variable and increases in another or between decreases in one and in the other |
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| an assocation between incrases in one variable and decreases in another |
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| coefficient of correlation |
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| a measure of correlation that ranges in value from -1.00 to +1.00 |
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| a controlled test of a hypothesis in which the reasearcher manipulates one variable to discover its effect on another |
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