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Psyc 107 Chapter 1: Part 1
Psyc 107 Edens
31
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
02/07/2010

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Term
Today's definition of psychology
Definition
The scientific study of behavior (what we do) and mental processes (our inner thoughts and feelings)
Term
Name three challenges of psychology
Definition
1. It is difficult to predict behaviors, and they are multiply determined
2.Psychological influences are often unknown and are also independent
3.It is difficult to define psychological concepts
Term
Aristotle's role in the root's of psychology
Definition
(384-322 B.C.)
A naturalist and a philosopher.
Theorized about psychological concepts.
The soul and body are NOT separate and knowledge comes from experience.
Spiritualism.
Popular to be studied in the 1800's.
Term
William Wundt
Definition
(1832-1920)
December 1879: Ball and telegraph key experiment. (Faster with ball, slower when asked)
This became known as the first psychological experiment.
From there he developed the first "official" psychology laboratory in Germany.
Therefore, launched psychology as an experimental science.
Studied 'atoms of the mind' in his experiment. Looking for the simplest mental process.
Introspection.
This was considered the first psychology experiment,
Term
Introspection.
Definition
Training people on how to describe what they are thinking.
Term
Problem with introspection.
Definition
It's very hard to confirm and find consistency between people's feelings.
Term
Williams James.
Definition
Wrote and important 1890's psychology textbook.
Term
Mary Calkins
Definition
Became the APA's first female president. Was denied her Ph. D at Harvard.
Term
Mary Calkins
Definition
Became the APA's first female president. Was denied her Ph. D at Harvard.
Term
Sigmund Freud
Definition
(1856-1939)
Believed that we were NOT in touch with our own feelings. Had to look at unconscious mind to understand.
Austrian Physician
Believed in dream Analysis.
He and his colleagues emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind and it's effects on human behavior.
Founded a type of therapy called Psychoanalysis.
Term
When was psychological science *born*?
Definition
With the first experiment by William Wundt in 1879.
Term
When did Psychological science start to *develop*?
Definition
In the 1920's when the behaviorists characterized the study of behavior as the as the subject matter of psychological science.
Term
What did behaviorists believe?
Definition
psychology should be a subject of science.
Because science is rooted in observation,in order for psychology to be a science it must be emphasized by the study and observation of behavior. Behaviors can be measured and turned into data, while inner thoughts and feelings (introspection) cannot.
Term
Pioneer Behaviorists
Definition
WATSON and later SKINNER emphasized the study of overt behavior as the subject matter of science.
Term
Humanistic Psychology
Definition
1960's. Emphasized the potential growth of healthy people. emp. the imp. of current environmental influences on our growth potential in the hopes hopes of fostering personal growth.
Term
Cognitiunist (revolution)
Definition
Mental processes and how we think. Cog. revolution: adopted the older original ideas of the importance of internal thoughts and feelings, but began to look at the scientific ways in which we perceive, remember, and process information.
Term
Pioneers of Humanistic Psychology
Definition
Maslow and Rogers emphasized current environmental influences on our growth potential and our need for love and acceptance.
Term
Popular Psychology
Definition
the sprawling network of everyday sources of information about human behavior. Ex. Dr. Phil, Oprah, Crap you read in Cosmo, blah, blah, blah...
Term
Pseudoscience
Definition
Set of claims that seems scientific but isn't. Ex. 3,500 self help books are published each year, and 95% are untested. Like John Gray's Men are from Mars and Women are from Venus.
Term
Anecdote
Definition
What people will tell to ignore statistics based off of one story. (girls stuck in car in marsh cell phone story.)
Term
Psychological Associations & Societies. What do their membership numbers tell us?
Definition
That Psychology is growing and Globalizing.
Term
Name three of Psychological Assns.
Definition
American Psychological Ass. (APA): 160,000 members.
British Psychological Assn. 34,000 Members.
Association for Psychological Science: (Broke away from APA, felt as if we were getting away from the science side of psychology) 20,000 members.
Term
Science-Practitioner Gap
Definition
Gap between those who believe that thereapies should be based on what scientific data shows to be true and those who believe that it is more of an art and cannot be studied. Ex. Repressed memories. Can it happen or not? Sci: no, Pract: yes, because they've seen it once before.
Term
Nature vs. Nurture
Definition
Psychology's oldest question. Debate over whether it is the environment or genes that make the psychological traits or not. Today, it is thought to be a little of both.
Term
Psychology's Three Main Levels of Analysis
Definition
Biological, psychological, and social-cultural.
Term
Levels of Analysis: Biological
Definition
Genetic predisposition, brain functions, hormone activity
Term
Levels of Analysis: Psychological
Definition
Learned fears, emotional responses
Term
Levels of Analysis: Social-cultural
Definition
Presence of of others, family/society expectations, peers and others influences
Term
Biopsychosocial Approach (Levels of Analysis)
Definition
Integrated approach that incorporates all three of the levels of Analysis. (Biological, Psychological, and Social-Cultural.)
Term
What is the most important thing to remember about the three levels of Analysis?
Definition
That like multiple 2D pictures of a 3D object, they are helpful, but alone are an incomplete view.
Term
Evolutionary Psychology:
Definition
Relativly new field.
Attempts to explain psychological traits—such as memory, perception, or language—as adaptations, that is, as the functional products of natural selection or sexual selection.
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