Term
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Definition
| - A behavioural program in which individuals can earn tokens for a variety of desirable behaviours and can exchange the earned tokens for backup reinforcers |
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Term
| Advantages of Token Economies |
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Definition
o Tokens can be given immediately following desirable behaviour
o Tokens can be paired with multiple different backup reinforcer (generalized conditioned reinforcers) |
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Term
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Definition
| - Process by which an individual deliberately alters or changes his/her behaviour to achieve a specific goal |
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Term
| problems of behavioural excesses |
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Definition
- Immediate reinforcers vs. delayed punishers for a behaviour
- Immediate reinforcers vs. cumulatively punishers for a behaviour
- Immediate reinforcers for problem behaviour vs. delayed reinforcers for alternative desired behaviour |
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Term
| problems of behavioural deficits |
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Definition
- Immediate small punishers for a behaviour vs. reinforcers that are cumulatively significant
- Immediate small punisher for behaviour vs. immediate but highly improbable major punisher if the behaviour does not occurs
- Immediate small punisher for a behaviour vs. a delayed major punisher if the behaviour does not occur |
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Term
| behavioural model of self-control |
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Definition
- Two parts:
o Clearly specified the problem as a behaviour to be controlled
o Apply behavioural techniques to manage the problem |
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Term
| steps in a self-control program |
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Definition
1. Specify problem and set goals
2. Make a commitment to change
3. Collect data and assess causes of problem behaviour
4. Design and implement a program
5. Prevent relapse and make gains last |
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Term
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Definition
| returning to the pre-intervention level of the unwanted behaviour |
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Term
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Definition
| clearly written statement of what behaviours in which individuals will produce what reinforcers, and who will deliver those reinforcers. |
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Term
| essential features of a contract |
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Definition
| (a) a clear statement of the target behaviours and/or goals; (b) the method of data collection; (c) steps to manage antecedents and consequences; (d) a schedule of review for progress; and (e) signatures of all involved and the date of the agreement |
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