Term
| • Nature vs. Nurture: How do differences in behavior relate to differences in heredity and environment? |
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Definition
o security without provision
o provision without securty |
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Term
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Definition
o The mind is separate from the brain but somehow controls the brain and therefore the rest of the body
o the view that conscious experience is inseparable from the physical brain |
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Term
| • Determinism vs. free will |
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Definition
o the idea that everything that happens has a cause, or determinant, that one could observe or measure.
o The belief that behavior is caused by a person’s independent decisions. |
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Term
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Definition
| The systematic study of behavior and experience. |
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Term
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Definition
| Field of psychology that concentrates on observable, measurable behaviors and not on mental processes, |
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Term
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Definition
| Studies in which the investigator manipulates at least one variable while measuring one other variable. |
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Term
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Definition
| Clear predictive statement |
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Term
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Definition
| : Scientist preference for the theory that explains the results using the simplest assumptions |
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Term
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Definition
| with reference to a theory, making sufficiently precise predictions for which we can at least imagine evidence that contradicts the theory. |
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Term
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Definition
| method of taking the results of many experiments weighting each one in proportion the number of participants and determining the overall average effect |
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Term
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Definition
| processes of thinking, gaining knowledge, and dealing with knowledge |
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Term
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Definition
| a treat given to compliment an intended response |
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Term
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Definition
| process of retaining information or the information retained |
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Term
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Definition
| study of how behavior depends on the outcomes of past behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| study of how behavior depends on the outcomes of past behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| measure of the relationship between two variables which are both outside the investigators control. |
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Term
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Definition
| temporary of a limited amount of information |
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Term
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Definition
| relatively permanent store of information |
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Term
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Definition
| Memory of general principles |
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Term
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Definition
| Memory for specific events in a person’s life |
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Term
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Definition
| any memory aide that is based on encoding each item in a special way |
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Term
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Definition
| study of the prevalence of certain beliefs attitudes or behaviors based on peoples responses to specific questions. |
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Term
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Definition
| events that decreases the probability that a response will be repeated |
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Term
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Definition
| in the future probability of response because it led to the absence of something such as pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| process in which an organism learns a new association between two paired stimuli-a neutral stimulus and one that already evokes a reflexive response |
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Term
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Definition
| process of changing behavior by following a response with reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which a conditioned response is established or strengthened |
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Term
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Definition
| concept that objects retain their weight, volume, and certain other properties in spite of changes in their shape or arrangement |
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Term
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Definition
| group of people picked in random fashion so that every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected. |
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Term
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Definition
| group chosen because it is easy to study |
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Term
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Definition
| selection of the population chosen to match the entire population with regard to specific variables |
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Term
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Definition
| cell of the nervous system that retrieves information and transmits it to other cells by conducting electro-chemical impulses |
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Term
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Definition
| chemicals that are stored in the terminal of an axon and that when released activate receptors of other neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized junction between one neuron and another. At this point one neuron releases a neurotransmitter with either excites or inhibits the next neuron. |
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Term
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Definition
| excitation that travels along an axon at a constant strength regardless of how long it must travel. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Hypothesis:
2. What kind of sample:
3. What kind of study:
4. Is it falsifiable and parsimonious? |
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Term
| Two unethical studies: Why are they unethical? |
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Definition
• Milgram’s Prison Experiment: unethical: as the experiment got worse and the guards became more hostile nothing was done to prohibit any further abuse of the students.
• Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment: unethical: doctors wouldn’t treat black AA who had syphilis in hopes of killing them off. |
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Term
| • What does Spearman’s G and S stand for |
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Definition
| General ability/Specific ability |
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Term
| • Memorize Erikson’s stages and some things that occur in each stage |
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Definition
o Infant: basic trust vs. mistrust
o Toddler (ages 1-3): autonomy vs. shame and doubt
o Pre-school age (3-6): initiative vs. guilt
o Pre-addolescent (6-12): industry vs. inferiority
o Addolescent (early teens): identity vs. role confusion
o Young adult (late teens and early twenties): intimacy vs. isolation
o Middle adult (late twenties to retirement): gerativity vs. stagnation
o Older adult (after retirement): ego-integrity vs. despair |
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Term
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Definition
o Welscher tests,
o Stanford-Binet, |
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Term
| • Identify through words parts of the central nervous system |
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Definition
o Cerebral cortex and ass. areas
o Cerebellum
o Spinal cord |
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Term
| o Which neurotransmitters are implicated in Parkinson’s Disease and Depression |
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Definition
| A gradual decay of a pathway of axons that release the neurotransmitter Dopamine. L-Dopa is used to treat Parikinson’s. |
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Term
| • The different categories of psychoactive drugs and which specific drugs go into each category: |
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Definition
o Stimulants: Methamphetamine, Cocaine, Methylphenidate (ritaline) amphetamine, Cafeine, Nicotine.
o Depressants: Alcohol, benzodiazepines (tranquilizers),
o Narcotics: opiates, Morphine, Heroin
o Marijuana: (own category)
o Hallucinogenes: LSD, Extasy, Rohypnol and GHB (date rape), PSP (angel dust). |
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Term
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Definition
| strengthening a behavior through the presentation of an event such as food |
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Term
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Definition
| Piaget’s term for the modification of an established schema to fit a new object or problem |
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Term
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Definition
| long term feeling of closeness between people such as a child and caregiver |
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