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| “what is it?” processing system |
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| damage to fusiform gyrus, face recognition impairment |
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| lose half of visual field |
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| inability to recognize objects by touch |
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| cannot identify object since meaning is lost, but can still identify w/ other senses |
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| attentional loss; damage usually to right hemisphere (so vision usually ignored on left side); damage to parietal vs hemianopia damage to occipital (also loss of vision, not attention) |
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| Balint’s syndrome symptoms (3) |
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Definition
stroke in circle of willis
Optic ataxia
Ocular Ataxia
Simultagnosia |
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| loathing/denial of one's own body parts |
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| eye blindness all processes blocked but cortical blindness still has motion processing (V5) |
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| where faces are processed |
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| evidence prosopagnosia unconsciously recognizes faces? |
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| some (galvanic skin response to measure a person's autonomic response) |
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| damage to V1 above/below calcarine fissure |
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| blindness in opposite side |
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| achromatopsia (black and white/grey vision) |
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| cannot copy object but can draw from memory |
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cannot draw picture from memory, but can copy it
better at recognizing living things vs. non-living things |
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| ignore one whole side of vision (holistic) |
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| ignore one whole side of objects (individual) |
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| when focusing on object, misses |
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| can't focus on more than one object at once |
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body parts seem bigger
usually seen in schizos or people with migraines |
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body parts seem smaller
usually seen in patients after they have seizures |
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| Akinetopsia (loss of visual motion); movement is choppy/coarse like strobelights |
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| block design and hemi-damage performance |
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duplicate given pattern
right hemi-damage would mix up whole thing or completely fail
left hemi-damage gets a couple blocks wrong but still maintains "big picture" |
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behaviors added
hallucinations, thought disorders, delusions
improves with drug treatment |
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loss of behavior and large cell loss
flat affect, speech poverty, lack of initiative, anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure), social withdrawal
drug treatment ineffective |
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delusions, hallucinations
no disorganized speech/behavior or flat affect (opposite disorganized) |
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| motor immobility or excessive, negativism/mutism, echolalia (imitate speech), echopraxia (imitate body movement) |
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| disorganized speech/behavior, flat affect, inappropriate |
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| undifferentiated type schizo |
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| symptoms meet criterion A (at least 2 of symptoms: delusions/hallucinations/disorganized speech/catatonia/negative symptoms) but doesn't fit subtypes |
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| negative symptoms w/o positive |
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| brain changes in schizo and neuroimaging |
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Definition
hippocampus: cellular disarray
ventricles: larger from cell loss (type II)
hypofrontality: frontal lobe less active, temporal lobe abnormal
dopamine hypothesis: schizo patient has same brain activity from audio hallucination as normal person hears things
pet scan CT scan MRI scan |
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| EEG waveforms and stages of sleep |
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Wakefulness: alpha & beta
Stage 1: Theta
Stage 2: K-complex and sleep spindles
Stage 3: Delta
Stage 4: Delta |
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| emergent stage 1 sleep vs initial stage 1 sleep |
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only 1 initial stage sleep (beginning of entire sleep)
emerge from deep sleep, goes back to stage 1 as emergent sleep each time |
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consolidation - info into long term memory
forgetting - useless info
restore chemical balance in brain |
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| REM more important (better performance on cognition) |
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awake straight to REM sleep
caused by losing 90% of neuropeptide in hypothalamus |
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people fall over and are paralyzed but are still conscious
triggered by random shit like throwing ball/excitement/anger/sexual) |
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| when sleep walking/night terrors occur |
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