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Psy 339
Mental Retardation
17
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
12/09/2010

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Cards

Term
Comorbid Disorders
Definition

  • increased risk of psychiatric disorders
  • 20% of kids w/IQ< 70 have severe emotional/behavior problems
  • aggressive/disruptive behaviors
  • attentional deficits/ learning problems
  • depression/bipolar disorders
  • anxiety

Term
Etiology 
Definition

-Environmental causes

  • environmental deprivation neglect, abuse, poverty, parental, psychopathology

-Genetics

  • defective genes/ mutations
  • # of chromosomes
  • gene structure 

Term

Levels of Mental Retardation

(MILD)

Definition

  • 85% of MR
  • IQ Range : 55-70
  • Deficits: Primarily Academic- Can live independently (6 grade level)
  • Support: Academic 

Term

Levels of Mental Retardation 

(Moderate)

 

Definition

  • 10% of Mental retardation 
  • IQ Range: 40-55
  • Deficits: Academic (Abstract concepts)- 1st/2nd Grade, Social -inappropriate, Problem Solving
  • Support: Academic, Daily Living (Group Home)

Term

Levels of Mental Retardation

(Severe)

 

Definition

  • 3-4% of Mental Retardation
  • IQ range: 25-40
  • Deficits: Very limited communication and self care skills
  • Support: Significant supervision

Term

Levels of Mental Retardation

(Profound)

Definition

  • 1-2 % of Mental Retardation
  • IQ Range: <25
  • Deficits: Considerable impairment in all domains; may learn basic task
  • Support:Lifelong supervision and care

Term
Secondary Disabilities
Definition

  • blindness and hearing impairtment
  • cerebal palsy, scoliosis, other impairments in motor functions
  • GI problems, Enuresis (control bladder), Encopresis (control bawl)

Term
Organic Approach to Mental Retardation 
Definition

  • individual shows a clear organic cause
  • more prevalent , @ moderate, severe & profound
  • more often associated w/other physical disabilities
  • prenatal, perinatal, postnatal- causes

Term
Cultural-Familial Approach to Mental Retardation
Definition

  • Individuals shows no obvious causes of MR
  • more prevalent @mild
  • higher rates with minority groups low SES groups
  • few associated physical/medical disabilities
  • polygenic (parents low IQ), environmentally deprived, 

Term
Comorbid Disorder
Definition

  • Self Injurious Behavior-SIB- related to IQ or communication skills
  • Movement Disorders(Tics/Tourettes)

Term
Treatment
Definition

  • Prevention - genetic counseling, prenatal screening
  • early intervention
-special education
-behavior therapy
-parent training
-physical/occupational, speech therapy
-social skills groups
-medicine- SSRIs , antipsychotics, stimulants, antiseizure

Term
Differential Diagnosis
Definition

-learning disorders

-communication/language

-pervasive developmental

-ADHD or other disruptive behavior

Term
Genetic Disorders: Fragile X
Definition

  • genetic abnormality on X chromosome
  • cognitive slowing after adolescence
  • particular weakness on problems that require step by step solutions or sequential problem-solving
  • more sever in boys vs. girls

Term
Genetic Disorder: Prader- Willi
Definition

  • genetic abnormality on chromosome 15
  • mild MR
  • form birth to age 3-very social- show significant delays in other areas
  • by age 3- perpetually hungry, socially decline, emotional immaturity and moodiness

Term
Etiology
Definition

  • organic (biological) causes of Mr, in born medical anomalies, chromosomal, anomalies, metabolic disorders (RKU)
  • Prenatal Causes- intrauterine infections exposures to toxic substances, toxemia
  • perinatal insult- oxygen deprivation, intracranial hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, seizures, infection
  • childhood insult- head injury, infections, seizure disorders, toxic exposures

Term
Genetic Disorder: Down Syndrome
Definition

  • trisomy 21
  • related to maternal age
  • moderate to severe MR w/cognitive slowing
  • sociable, but stubborn
  • comorbid medical conditions (heart problems)

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