Term
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Definition
| the study of how people understand the causes of events and the effects that these causal assessments have |
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| linking an event to a cause, such as inferring that a personality trait was responsible for a behavior |
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a person's habitual way of explaining events, typically assessed along 3 dimensions:
- internal/external
- stable/unstable
- global/specific |
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Definition
the amount of control one has over the outcome of an event;
- making ppl believe they can exert control over events that they formerly believed to be outside their control restores hope and unleashes productive energy that makes future success more likely |
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| the idea that behavior should be attributed to potential causes that co-occur with the behavior |
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| what most people would do in a given situation - whether most people would behave the same way or no other people would behave that way |
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| What an individual does in different situations - whether a behavior is unique to a particular situation or occurs in all situations |
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| What an individual does in a given situation on different occasions - whether next time under the same circumstances the person would behave the same or differently |
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| the idea that people should assign reduced weight to a particular cause of behavior if other plausible causes might have produced it |
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Definition
| the idea that people should assign greater weight to a particular cause of behavior if other causes are present that normally would produce the opposite outcome |
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Definition
| thoughts of what might have, could have, or should have happened "if only" something had been done differently |
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| a ratcheting up of an emotional reaction to an event that is proportional to how easy it is to imagine the event not happening |
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Term
| Self-serving attributional bias |
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Definition
| the tendency to attribute failure and other bad events to external circumstances but to attribute success and other good events to oneself |
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Term
| Fundamental attribution error (FAE) |
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Definition
| the tendency to attribute people's behavior to elements of their character or personality, even when powerful situational forces are acting to produce the behavior |
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Term
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Definition
- just world hypothesis/ motivated influence (it was that person's fault for being a certain way)
- people are more salient than situations (unless you are trying to assess situation, in which case you draw strong inferences about the situation before you think about the person's traits) |
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| Just world hypothesis (belief in a just world) |
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Definition
| the belief that people get what they deserve in life and deserve what they get |
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the degree to which a stimuli catches one's attention
- people are more salient than the situation |
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| Cognitive mechanics of attribution |
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Definition
| one sees the behavior and characterizes the person based on the behavior before effortfully adjusting to account for situational influences |
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| Actor-observer difference |
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Definition
a difference in attribution based on who is making the causal assessment:
- the actor makes more situational attributions
- the observer makes more dispositional attributions |
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Term
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Definition
| collectivist peoples less likely to make FAE or actor-observer bias, attend to context more than indiv cultures |
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| Social class and attribution |
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Definition
- the amount of wealth, education, and occupational prestige a person and their family enjoys
- lower class more interdependent
- middle to higher class more likely attribute traits |
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| Dispositions: fixed or flexible |
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Definition
Asians more likely to think personality is flexible
US more likely to think personality is fixed |
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