Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
primacy effect, middle, recency effect
primacy and middle are explained by repetition
recently effect is explained by STM
repetition is corrupted with primacy and middle but not recently because there is no causal relationship |
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Term
| time vs repetition in serial position |
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Definition
give a short presentation time 3 vs 9: recently is fine but primacy and middle are effected
give a delay time 10 vs 30 sec long and middle are un effected
STM is not effected by 10 seconds but effected by 30 seconds |
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Term
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Definition
| we separate items into categories and put them on the list of that category accordingly |
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Term
| ARC: adjusted ratio of clustering |
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Definition
Observed repetition -expected repetition= ARC
if positive: person organized them
if negative: person used less clustering and used a story to create organization |
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Term
| Teaching language comprehension TLC |
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Definition
a web of something leads to its concepts and its concepts lead to more concepts
idea that if a computer can simulate the human being then it can be a good representation of how a human brain works |
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Term
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Definition
self reference effect: orthographic, phonemic, semantic, self reference
the deeper the processing the better recalled. |
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Term
| depth of processing vs time |
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Definition
| the deeper the processing the FASTER recalled . |
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Term
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Definition
| forming associations between to be remembered items and extra list materials in memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| formation of association between to be remembered items, body part study, fruit, cars, and u categorize |
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Term
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Definition
memory is best when the type of encoding preformed on stimuli is non-redundant
when you are given an organized list to study study it in an elaborative method
when given a list that is not organized study it in an organization exercise |
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Term
| Memorists and explanation |
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Definition
people who are experts at memory
two theories to explain memorists:
capacity theory
technique theory: elaboration and organization |
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Term
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Definition
| elaboration and organization |
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Term
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Definition
claimed he was a mental tape recorder because he can store up to 40 numbers that he listened to.
when tested letters instead of numbers memory was 7+/- 2
no capacity but a technique for numbers |
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Term
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Definition
remembered number matrixes up to 50 numbers
when timed and asked go backwards or a diagonal he was considerably slower than listing in order
showing that he had to go back and there was a technique
not capacity. |
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Term
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Definition
trained mathematician:
said that memorists elaborated and organized information to put them into meaningful categories such as he sees 25 as the square of 5 |
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Term
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Definition
traiend to remember numbers as meaningfulness by elaborating it as times significant to track.
after training he could recall up to 70 numbers
to test if its capacity or technique thy gave him numbers that are not significant to track he went down to 7+/- 2
so not capacity |
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Term
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Definition
claimed to have exceptional memory for 25 words he put them on a line in his head
when told he should put them in columns as lists in his mind he fit a lot moor
Sperling letter matrix she gave back all letters |
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Term
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Definition
Photographic memory (eidetic memory)
tested her by making a picture of 10000 dots, randomly taking half of them out and saying to remember where they are
next day they showed the other 5 thousand and asked to remember the ones from yesterday and super impose them
then asked what picture do they make, and use would get it right. |
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Term
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Definition
remembered everything:
he assigned stuff to places in city of pittsburg so there were thousands of places to put memories and elaborate them with parts of the city
used method of Loci
used synesthesia |
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Term
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Definition
percieving something in one mode of modality and getting images of a different modality
you hear something and that causes you to imaginary see it |
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Term
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Definition
taking something you want ti know and assigning it with something you know very well,
Patient Lurais S used the whole city of peters berg to assign things. |
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Term
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Definition
claimed to have exceptional memory for 25 words he put them on a line in his head
when told he should put them in columns as lists in his mind he fit a lot moor
Sperling letter matrix she gave back all letters |
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Term
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Definition
Photographic memory (eidetic memory)
tested her by making a picture of 10000 dots, randomly taking half of them out and saying to remember where they are
next day they showed the other 5 thousand and asked to remember the ones from yesterday and super impose them
then asked what picture do they make, and use would get it right. |
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Term
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Definition
remembered everything:
he assigned stuff to places in city of pittsburg so there were thousands of places to put memories and elaborate them with parts of the city
used method of Loci
used synesthesia |
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Term
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Definition
percieving something in one mode of modality and getting images of a different modality
you hear something and that causes you to imaginary see it |
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Term
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Definition
taking something you want ti know and assigning it with something you know very well,
Patient Lurais S used the whole city of peters berg to assign things. |
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Term
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Definition
describes a set of cognitive processes that allow us to focus on one set of events in our environment while ignoring other events
decreased by the amount of time we attend to something |
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Term
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Definition
| have to filter out other things to maintain in on one |
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Term
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Definition
| we zone out things and focus on things so fast that we are momentarily unaware that we did so |
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Term
| focused attentional processing |
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Definition
| more info processing is needed so pre attentive doesn't cut it, so it takes more time and effort |
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Term
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Definition
| The places that allow us to recognize and define what we took in |
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Term
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Definition
| when a stimulus is no longer novel we don't orient toward it because it downs not capture our attention anymore |
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Term
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Definition
| a cognitive ability to focus in or sharpen our attention just as we do when we move the beam from a flashlight or focus a zoom lens |
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Term
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Definition
| the rapid labeling of small quantities of simultaneously presented items |
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Term
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Definition
| acts as a buffer memory system to host the incoming stream of info lang enough for us to pay attention to it |
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Term
| capacity of sensory memory |
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Definition
whole report gave about 4.5
partial report produced up to 9
showing that we take in raw uncategorized data |
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Term
| forgetting of sensory memory |
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Definition
happens when event 1 info is sensory memory is not used or is masked by event 2
event 1 and 2 get confused together |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| cocktail party phenomenon |
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Definition
| when you are deep in a conversation and your name or a familiar voice catches your attention from across the room |
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Term
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Definition
| if our attentional system waits for all of the information to combine before it makes its decision to focus the spotlight |
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Term
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Definition
where the learner intention is to be able to precisely duplicate the behavior under a variety of predictable circumstances
ex: keyboard typing |
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Term
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Definition
| where it his unpredictable circumstances |
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Term
| mistakes in automatic skills happen when |
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Definition
• automatic is not interrupted and taken over by conscious when they should be
• when there is an unusual or unpredictable interaction between automatic and conscious process |
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Term
| capacity theory of attention: |
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Definition
| says that our ability to focus attention varies with the number and complexity of the tasks and how mentally energized we are at the time |
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Term
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Definition
| The period when you are shifting your Attentional focus and are unable to attend fully to a new target event. |
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Term
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Definition
| a decrease in the ability to perceive repeated stimuli during a rapid serial presentation of items |
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Term
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Definition
| Is an everyday phenomenon that is somewhat similar to Attentional blink |
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Term
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Definition
| When someone fails to notice a stimuli that is in plain sight. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which refers to a difficulty in recognizing two or more objects at the same time |
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Term
| Hemispheric neglect (hemineglect) |
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Definition
| It occurs when people are unable to focus their attention on a portion of their visual field. |
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Term
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Definition
irreversible, degenerative disease that typically affects people over 50 years old
tremors when muscles are relaxed
have a hard time with attention |
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Term
| --------------------------- |
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Definition
| ----------------------------- |
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Term
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Definition
| is the aspect of our memory system that consists of all the experiences and knowledge we gathered throughout our lifetime |
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Term
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Definition
include all memories that we concisely seek to store and retrieve
concious |
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Term
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Definition
includes events that we have deliberately learned
i enjoy playing chess |
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Term
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Definition
| is the aspect of LTM that retains conceptual knowledge stored as an independent knowledge base |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the portion of LTM that stores and connects the specific times, places, and events in an individual's life. |
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Term
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Definition
| the aspect of episodic memory that lets us go back and re-experience an event |
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Term
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Definition
| memory that allows us to remember things to do in the future |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Duration and forgetting of LTM |
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Definition
| a long time and interference is the cause of forgetting |
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Term
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Definition
| A sense that they know something but they are unable to recall it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Our awareness of our memory systems and what resides there |
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Term
| Tip of the tongue phenomenon: |
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Definition
| The temporary inaccessibility of a word in memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where you learn and answer the test if they are the same it can help you get better answers |
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Term
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Definition
| Cues that are organized in a manner to help recall something |
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Term
| State-dependent learning: |
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Definition
| If one learns a set of facts while intoxicated, there is no advantage in trying to recal the information when sober |
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Term
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Definition
| Which is memory of your personal past experiences; your retrospective memory of events that have occurred to you in life. |
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Term
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Definition
| Under special circumstances they are able to form detailed, perfect memories of a distinctive, surprising m or significant event |
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Term
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Definition
| Recalling life experiences shows a distinctive pattern that goes by the name. |
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Term
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Definition
Is associated with damage to the temporal lobes, specifically to a cluster of cells called the mammillary bodies as well as, in most cases, to the mammillothaliamic tract
Caused by excessive alchol consumption
Tend to fill in missing memories with prevaricating: they tend to make up answers to questions rather than indicate that they do no remember. |
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