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Psy 100 #2
Learning, Memory, Sleep
33
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
03/20/2011

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Cards

Term
Learning
Definition
permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience.
Term
Aristotle beliefs reitterated by Locke
Definition

We learn by association

learning to associate on stimulus with the other

Term
classical conditioning founded by?
Definition
Ivan Pavlov, pavlovs dogs salivating
Term

UCS

UCR

CS

CR?

Definition
  • stimulus that automatically and naturally triggers a response
  • unlearned response due to the presence of the UCS
  • originally neutral stimulus that gains association with the UCS to trigger a CR
  • learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus
Term

extinction? how does it fade?

Spontaneous recovery

stimulus discrimination?

Definition

the losing of the association between UCS and the CS.  Done by not pairing the CS with CR.

 

after a perios of rest, the CS still produces a CR

 

-the ability to differentiate between a CS and a neutral stimulus

Term
operant vs. Classical conditioning
Definition

classical - forms associations between stimulus and response

 

operant - forms associations between behaviors and the resulting events

Term

edward Thorndike year? invented the?

law of effect?

Definition

1930 invented the puzzle box "Mr. Learning"

 

behavior that is rewarded is more likely to happen again

Term
B.F. Skinner contribution?
Definition
1900's - skinner box to study law of effect
Term
Shaping?
Definition
reinforcers used to guide behavior towards target behavior
Term
Primary vs. conditioned reinforcer?
Definition
  • unlearned positive stimulus like food or drink
  • a learned reinforcer that gets its power through its association with the primary reinforcer
Term
continuous or partial reinforcement
Definition

cont. - reinforcement after every behavior

partial - reinforcement after only sometimes

Term

fixed ratio

variable ratio

fixed interval

variable interval

Definition
  • reinforces the behavior after a fixed number of responses, or unknown number of responses
  • reinforces response after a fixed amount of time, or after a random amount of time
Term
Skinners legacy. What did he argue?
Definition
  • argued that behaviors were shaped by external influences instead of inner thoughts and feelings
Term
Anterograde vs. retrograde amnesia
Definition

A - unable to form new memories

R - unable to retrieve old memories

Term
3 types of memory?
Definition
  1. sensory
  2. short term
  3. long term
Term
how does info get transfered from STM to LTM?
Definition

rehearsal - from STM to LTM

retrieval - from LTM to STM

Term
what causes anterograde amnesia?
Definition
damage to hippocampus
Term
explicit vs. implicit memory
Definition

explicit - aware, LTM - know the source of the memory

 

implicit - unaware, LTM - unaware of source, based on familiarity

Term
2 types of unaware LTM
Definition
  1. implicit memory - priming "knowing how"
  2. procedural - motor skills, conditioning
Term
2 types of explicit memory?
Definition
  • semantic - no emotion, cold cognition
  • episodic - vivid context
Term
schemas
Definition
abstract knowledge structures about particular objects or events
Term

elaborate rehearsal

maintainance rehearsal

Definition

E - moves through levels leads to deeper processing which helps LTM

M - Stays at one level and does not help LTM

Term
method of loci
Definition
envision of familiar path
Term

awake

stage 1

stage 2

stage 3

stage 4

REM

Definition
  • alpha waves
  1. theta
  2. theta and delta
  3. 20-50 delta
  4. >50 delta
  • Beta waves
Term
suprachiasmatic nucleus?
Definition
houses biological clock that determines physiological patterns in our body based on daily rhythyms
Term
REM discovered by? when? what happens during this?
Definition
Kleitman and Aserinskyin 1953. when awoken people report dreaming
Term
representative vs. availability heuristic?
Definition
  • R - to judge the likelihood of things in terms of how well they resemble different prototypes
  • A - when we base our judgements on how mentally available they are.
Term
functional fixedness
Definition
the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual function
Term
Confirmation Bias
Definition
a tendency to search for information that confirms ones preconceptions
Term

framing effect?

 

belief perserverance?

Definition
  • F - they way we present an issue can change how it is viewed.
  • B - the tendency for us to cling to our beliefs in the face of contrary evidence
Term
Gamblers fallacy
Definition
the thought that the chances an event will occur will increase if it hasnt happened recently
Term
Proactive vs. retroactive Interference?
Definition

Pro - Old stuff interferes with new

REtro - new stuff interferes with old

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