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| thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth above the mantle |
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| the layer of rock between Earth's crust and core |
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| the central part of the Earth below the mantle |
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| the solid, outer layer of Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle |
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| the theory that explains how the outer parts of Earth change through time, and that explains the relationships between continental drift, sea-floor spreading, seismic activity, and volcanic activity |
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| liquid rock produced under the Earth's surface |
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| the process by which one lithospheric plate moves beneath another as a result of tectonic forces |
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| A crack in Earth created when rocks on either side of a break move |
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| the area along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs |
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| the point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus |
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| a seismic wave that can move only through solids |
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| the study of earthquakes, including their origin, propagation, energy, and prediction |
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| a scale that expresses the magnitude of an earthquake |
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| an opening at the surface of the Earth through which volcanic material passes |
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| a naturally occurring, inorganic, homogeneous substance with a definite chemical composition |
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| rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies |
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| The natural process by which atmospheric and environmental agents, such as wind, water, ice, sun, mechanical, action, chemical, action, and gravity disintegrate and decompose rocks |
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| a rock that forms from compressed or cemented layers of sediment |
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| a rock that forms from other rocks as a result of intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes |
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| precipitation, such as rain, sleet, or snow, that contains a high concentration of acids, often because of the pollution of the atmosphere |
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| a process in which the materials of Earth's surface are loosened, dissolved, or worn away and transported from one place to another by a natural agent, such as wind, water, ice, or gravity |
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| the process in which material is laid down |
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