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| a large celestial body that is composed of gas and that emits light; the sun is a typical star |
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| the distance that light travels in one year; about 9.5 trillion kilometers |
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| a large, reddish star late in its life cycle |
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| a small, hot, dim star that is the leftover center of an old star |
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| a gigantic explosion in which a massive star collapses and throws its outer layers into space; plural~ supernovae |
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| an object so massive and dense that not even light can escape its gravity |
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| a collection of stars, dust, and gas bound together by gravity |
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| a group of stars or galaxies bound by gravity |
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| the gas and dust located between the stars in a galaxy |
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| quasi-stellar radio sources; very luminous objects that produce energy at a high rate and that are thought to be the most distant objects in the universe |
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| the sum of all space, matter, and energy that exist, that have existed in the past, and will exist in the future |
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| an apparent shift toward shorter wavelengths of light caused when a luminous object moves toward the observer |
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| the theory that all matter and energy in the universe was compressed into an extremely small volume that 10 to 20 billion years ago exploded and began expanding in all directions |
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