• mostly unicellular eukaryotes
• algae-autotrophs; protozoans-heterotrophs
• 3 life cycles
  • Zygotic Meiosis
  • Sporic Meiosis
  • Gametic Meiosis

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occurs in algae and fungi 

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Occurs in Algae Plants and watermolds

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Algae and Animals

Excavata

Chromalveolata

Rhizaria

Archaeplastida

Unikota

Parasites, very Primitve

Giardia: 2 nuclei, no mitochondria, before endosymbiosis occured

Flagellated

Trichomonas Vaginalis-STD, has no mitochndria, has an organelle that makes Hydrogen gas calles hydrogenosome and it needs sulfur to grow, so its very smelly.

Euglenids - algae freshwater, lack chloroplasts, heterotrophic

• Euglina Gracilis - everyday pond algae, swims towards light

Kinetoplastids - Parasites

• Trypanasoma - parasites of blood

Dinoflagellates - algal, marine and freshwater, mostly unicellular, has wierd chromosomes that don't decondense, some are heterotrophs

• Saxitoxin (neurotoxin produced by dinoflagellates) - called a bloom when there is an increased population. It kills fish and other animals, red in color therefore the term Red Tide

Protozoa, cilia locomotion

has a macro nucleus, mini flagellums called cilia and micronuclei

ex. Paramecium caudatum

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Parasites, some are parasites of blood

ex. Malaria comes from the genus: plasmodium

Chinchona is tree bark that produces Quinine which is used to treat malaria

Have two different types of flagellums

Watermolds

Filamentous

Saprophytic-decomposers

Parsitic to plants ex. Phytophthora infestans (parasatizes many crops) main reason for the irish potato famine caused late blight

Phytophthora Ramorm cause sudden death to oak trees

Algae Fucoxanthin-Brown

Golden algae-marine algae

Diatoms, unicellular

In both fresh and marine water

Marine Plankton does 25% photosynthesis on earth.

• Sillical cell wall called frustule
  • Plankton have chitin thread that they use to make them float in water

Diatomaceous Earth - pool filters 

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Centric diatom

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Pennate diatom

Brown Algae-needs rocks to attach to

Kelps

Largest multicellular protists upto 100 feet long

The holdfast is attached to the rock, has a stipe which is a pholem like vascular tissue and a gas bladder that is on the surface of the water where sugar is made

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Has pseudopodia that is used to pull in food

shell made of sillica

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shell made of Calcium Carbonate (chalk) also has pseudopodia

Typical Green Algae

algae in pond

slippery

unicellular: Chlamydamonas

Fillamentous: Spriogyra

Colonial: Volvox

Archaeplastida, Green Algae:Charophytes

There is also a Land plant kingdom

Looks like a plant

Stuck on rock, though no root system

species Chara thought to be an ancestor of land plants

Marine Algae

color from the phycobilin pigment, got this pigment from the photosynthetic cyanobacteria (blue-gren algae) it is the only water soluble pigment and different from chlorophyll

• Nori- Seaweed
  • Agar- agarose for gel electrophoresis

moves with pseudopodia.

Free-living

ex. Amoeba Proteus

ex. Enatomoeba histoyltica

causes amoebic dyssentery-get it from bad water

decomposers, plasmoidal vs cellular

plasmodium-brilliant colors

cellular- colony of individual amoebas

they germinate by blowing away in the wind

Opisthokonts: Fungi, Animals and Choanoflagellates

all unikonta have one flagellum