1. Cell Type: Eukaryotic
2. Cell Number: Unicellular OR Multicellular
3. Food/Energy: Autotrophs OR Heterophs
4. Other: NOT members of plant, animal, or fungi kingdoms
5. Other: Appeared in fossil record 1.5 billion years ago  as first early eukaryotes (have membrane-bound nucleus)

1. Most diveristy of eukaryotic kingdoms.
2. More closely related to plants, animals, and fungi than other protists.

1. Living protists today NOT ancenstors of today's plants, animals, or fungi
2. Actually, protists descended with modifications from a shared common ancenstor with plants, animals, and fungi

1. PAST: plant-like, animal-like, and fungus-like protists
2. BUT: some protists don't fit into any plant, animal, or fungus like protist
3. ALSO: many animal and fungus-like protest are so similar they could be in one group

1. Feeding groove
2. Most have flagella
3. Examples: 
1. Giardia (parasite in human intestine leading to diarrhea)
2. Trypanosoma (African sleeping sickness)
3. Euglena 

Identify the pictures below:

[image][image][image]

Weird green protist with long flagella (Ghiardia)

Weird purple-stained protists alongside blood cells (Trypanosoma)

Clear protist with green organelles inside (Euglena)

1. Chromo (have color pigments)
2. Alveoli (have small membrane holes)
3. large and diverse group
4. Grouped into:
1. Ciliates 
2. Diatoms
3. Dinoflagellates
4. Phaeophytes-brown
5. Oomycetes 

1. Hair-like structures called "cilia" used for movment and feeding
2. food goes into a "gullet" - mouth groove for feeding

1. Have shells or skelatons of silica (beautiful!)
2. Autotrophic (have chlorophyll - photosynthetic)
3. Live in water and soil (diatomaceous earth)

1. Di (2) Flagellates - have 2 flagellates perpendicular
2. Photosynthetic
3. Luminescent (glow)!
4. Can contaminate shell fish

1. Think brown algae!
2. Live in cool saltwater along rocky coasts
3. Giant Kelp - largest and complex brown algae - have fasts (anchers) and air bladders (buoy)

1. Think water mold
2. NOT fungi mold

Identify which subgroup of Chromalveolata each below is:

[image][image][image][image][image]

In the order they appear:

1. Oomycetes (basically water mold)
2. Phaeophyta brown algae (example: Giant Kelp)
3. Dinoflagellate (see alveoli, not shown are perpendicular flagella)
4. Diatoms (see silica skelatons)
5. Ciliates (see tiny hair-like cilia around outside for feeding and movement)

1. Foraminifera (spiral shaped shells)
2. Radiolarians (make shells and are symbiotic with photosynthetic algae - in other words, each live and benfit the other)

1. Live in Warm or Cold marine environments, along coasts or deep water
2. Their pigments ABSORB green, violet, and blue - leaving RED color.

Foraminifera (white-star shaped

Radiolara (clear glass-like and tube-like shape)

What are 2 chacteristics of Amoebozoa?

1. Amoeba-like (no defined shape)
2. Move by psudopod (foot that can bulge from membrane anywhere) or cytoplasmic streaming (moving liquid part of cytoplasm in a specific direction to move nutriets, food, etc. in cell)

Slime molds.

1. Amoeba-like cells that feed on bacteria and fungi.
2. Under harsh conditions, single celled slime molds join to form one structure.

1. Have a "dog" collar of cytoplasm around their flagella 
2. Sometimes form colonies
3. sister group to kingdom Animalia

1. Changing cell shape (amoeboid movement)
2. Cilia (oars on a boat)
3. Flagella (propeller)
4. Passive movement (float in fluids)

1. Photosynthesis (using sun's energy to create food)
2. Capturing and Digesting (surround, capture, digest in vacuole, release as waste - like Amoebas)
3. Using Cilia (food swept into gullet, sent to food vacuole, digested with enzymes, waste released - like paramecium)
4. Parasitic (feed off host - like ghiardia, enamoeba (amebic dysentery), malaria, african sleeping sickness)