Term
| How many combinations are possible for a chain of n amino acids? |
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Definition
| 20^n amino acids are possible |
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Term
| What types of bonds can hold structure of protein chain together? |
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Definition
| S-S disulfide bonds between them |
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Term
| List 2 nona peptides with different biological functions? |
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Definition
Vasopressin and oxytocin
Very small changes alter function |
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Term
| What is used to determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 enzymes cleave the proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are spiral clock-wise coils held together? |
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Definition
| Hydrogen bonding between carbonyl of one amide linkage and NH of another |
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Term
| How are beta pleated sheets held together? |
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Definition
| hydrogen bonding between carbonyl of one amide linkage and NH of another in parallel chains |
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Term
| In an alpha Helix, where are the R groups pointed? |
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Definition
| R groups are pointed outward from helix |
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Term
| How many amino acids per turn of the helix are there in an alpha helix? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do the NH groups point in an alpha helix? |
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Definition
| point in the same direction, parallel to the axis of the helix |
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Term
| Where do the c=o groups point in an alpha helix? |
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Definition
| point in the opposite direction, parallel to the axis |
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Term
| Where do the six atoms of each peptide bond lie in a beta pleated sheet? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the c=o and N-H groups of peptide bonds from adjacent chains pointing? |
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Definition
| Point towards each other and are int he same plane so that hydrogen bonding is possible between them |
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Term
| Where do the R groups in beta sheets point? |
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Definition
| Alternate, above and below the plane |
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Term
| What is the C=O group of each peptide bond hydrogen bonded to in the alpha helix? |
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Definition
| Hydrogen bonded to the N-H group of the peptide bond four amino acid units away from it. |
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Term
| What causes the arrangement of helices, sheets and so forth in a tertiary structure? |
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Definition
| Interactions of the side chains |
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Term
| What are some forces that stabilize a tertiary structure? |
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Definition
| side chain hydrogen bonding; disulfide bond; hydrophobic interactions-leucene, valene, Isoleucine; metal ion+ coordination between the coo= groups |
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Term
| What is an example of covalent bonding in a tertiary structure? |
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Definition
| Disulfide bonds between cysteine side chains |
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Term
| What type of bonding in Tertiary structures is indicative of bonding between OH groups? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another name of metal-ion coordination in tertiary structures? |
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Definition
| electrostatic interaction |
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Term
| What is a salt bridge in tertiary structures? |
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Definition
| Attraction of NH3+ group of lysine and COO- group of aspartic acid |
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Term
| What is an example in tertiary structures when side chains move away from water? |
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Definition
| Hydrophobic interactions; between the nonpolar side chains of phenylalanine and isoleucine |
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Term
| What are the 2 major types of proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is Keratin a fibrous or globular tertiary protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is Albumin a fibrous or globular tertiary protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| What shape are fibrous proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What shape are globular proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are all proteins soluable in water? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which proteins are soluable in water? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the hydrophobic side chains in fibrous linear proteins? |
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Definition
| Folded so hydophobic side chains are on the exterior |
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Term
| Where are the hydrophilic side chains in globular tertiary proteins? |
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Definition
| Hydrophilic side chains are directed to the exterior |
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