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| The process that describes how enzymes and other proteins are made from DNA |
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| The transfer of genetic information from DNA into an RNA molecule |
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| The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule |
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| The genetic instructions for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide written in DNA and RNA as a series of three-base words (codons) |
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| A three nucleotide sequence in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or polypeptide termination signal; the base unit of the genetic code |
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| The set of rules giving the correspondence between codons in RNA and amino acids in proteins |
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| An enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template |
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| A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA located at the start of a gene that is the binding site for RNA polymerase and the place where transcription begins |
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| A sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule and then to depart from the gene |
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| The kind of RNA that encodes genetic information from DNA and conveys it to ribosomes |
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| In eukaryotes, the noncoding regions of a gene |
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| The coding regions of a gene |
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| The removal of introns and joining of exons in eukaryotic RNA, forming a mRNA molecule with a continuous coding sequence; occurs before mRNA leaves the nucleus |
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| A type of RNA that functions as an interpreter in translation. Each tRNA molecule has a specific anticodon, picks up a specific amino acid, and conveys the amino acid to the appropriate codon on mRNA |
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| On a tRNA molecule, a specific sequence of three nucleotides that is complimentary to a codon triplet on mRNA |
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| The type of RNA that, together with proteins, makes up ribosomes; the most abundant type of RNA in most cells |
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| The specific codon where translation begins on an mRNA molecule |
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| One of two of a ribosome's binding sites for tRNA during translation. The P site holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain |
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| The binding site of tRNA bearing an amino acid |
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| The anticodon of an incoming tRNA molecule, carrying its amino acid, pairs with the mRNA codon in the A site of the ribosome |
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| The polypeptide separates from the tRNA in the P site and attaches by a peptide bond to the amino acid carried by the tRNA in the A site |
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| The tRNA in the P site leaves the ribosome, and the ribosome moves the tRNA in the A site with its attached polypeptide to the P site. The codon and anticodon remain bonded, and the mRNA and tRNA move as a unit |
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| in mRNA, one of three triplets (UAG, UAA, UGA) that signal gene translation to stop |
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