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Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
Biology 200 Lecture Notes
16
Biology
Undergraduate 2
07/18/2011

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Term
What does it mean to say that a gene is being "expressed?"
Definition
When a gene product is actively being transcribed and translated.
Term
Why is gene expression regulated?
Definition
Many proteins are needed only at specific times, locations or situations. Gene expression is regulated to produce the right proteins at the right times.
Term
Constitutive Expression
Definition
Some proteins are needed at all times. These genes are expressed at all times.
Term
Why are weak promoters better for precise regulation?
Definition
They can be "tuned up" easily, they are not wasteful, even if other proteins are temporarily unavailable.
Term
Operon
Definition
A group of genes whose expression is under the control of a common promoter.
Term
Galactosidase
Definition
Cleaves the lactose glycosidic bond. [Lac Z]
Term
Galactose Permease
Definition
A lactose-import channel. [Lac Y]
Term
Transacetylase
Definition
A non-necessary function.
Term
Lac Operon On/Off with Glucose Only?
Definition
OFF
Term
Lac Operon On/Off with Lactose Only?
Definition
ON
Term
Lac Operon On/Off with Glucose and Lactose?
Definition
OFF
Term
When cellular glucose levels rise...
Definition
...cAMP levels fall.
Term
When cellular glucose is lower...
Definition
...cAMP levels rise.
Term
What will the output of lactose-usage proteins be with high glucose and low lactose?
Definition
Low levels
Term
What will the output of lactose-usage proteins be with high glucose and high lactose?
Definition
Low or medium levels.
Term
What will the output of lactose-usage proteins be with low glucose and high lactose?
Definition
Very high levels.
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