Term
| What are the 3 Types of Problems |
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Definition
Structure-Relations between numbers words or ideas
Arrangement- arrange parts of a problem ex String Problem
Transformation-sequences in order to reach a goal ex hobbits |
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Term
| What 4 things screw us up? |
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Definition
Irrelevant Information
Functional Fixedness- limited in the ways we think about things
Mental set-Better solution may be available)
Unnecessary Constraints-9 square problems |
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Term
| What are the 6 Approaches to Problem Solving? |
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Definition
Trial & error:
Heuristics: Words are more likely to start with
Forming subgroups:
Working backward:
Search for analogies: (Your own)
Change the representation: Writing the question differently |
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Term
| 3 Factors of Risky Decision Making? |
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Definition
Objective value
Subjective utility-Pros/cons for you with different answers
Subjective probabilities-possibilities of variation |
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Term
| Common Probability Bloopers |
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Definition
Availability bias:
(easier to think one way)
Representativeness bias:
Tend to estimate probability based on typical prototype
Ignoring base rates:
(Doesn’t matter what occurred before)
The conjunction fallacy:
Tendency to think that two assumptions are more probable than one.
The gambler’s fallacy:
Think that what happened in the past affects what is going to happen- all independent from each other
Ignoring sample size:
The more trials- the better prediction of probability |
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Term
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Definition
| (easier to think one way) |
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Term
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Definition
| Tend to estimate probability based on typical prototype |
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Term
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Definition
| Doesn’t matter what occurred before) |
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Term
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Definition
| Tendency to think that two assumptions are more probable than one. |
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Term
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Definition
| Think that what happened in the past affects what is going to happen- all independent from each other |
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Term
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Definition
| The more trials- the better prediction of probability |
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Term
| What are the 3 criteria for language? |
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Definition
1)symbolic-represent something
2)structured
3)infinitely generative- can gerate in infinite amount of messages |
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Term
| What are the 3 structures of Language? |
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Definition
Phonemes: smallest unit sound
Morphemes:measuring
Syntax: rules to combine |
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Term
| In the sentence "The Boys Cried." how many words, morphemes and Phonemes? |
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Definition
Sentence: The boys cried.
Words?3
Morphemes? 5
Phonemes?9 |
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Term
| What is Vocabulary Spurt and when does it occur in development? |
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Definition
| Childeren finally grasp the concepts of language and begin fast mapping(When children understand concept after only one exposure) occurs at 18 months. |
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Term
| What are the Stages of Language Acquisition and what do they mean? |
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Definition
Babbling:Verbalizes in response to speech by others
Holophrases:
Telegraphic speech:
Whole sentences:
Metalinguistic awareness: |
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Term
| What are the 3 Theories of Language Acquisition? |
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Definition
Behaviorists (Skinner):
Imitation
Nativists (Chomski):
Innate language acquisition device
Interactionists-combo of both |
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Term
| What Is the Behaviorist Theory of Language acqusition and who supported it? |
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Definition
| (Skinner) Parents encourage their children to pronounce the word the right way. Children also learn by imitation of the grown ups around them. |
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Term
| What Is the Nativist Theory of Language acqusition and who supported it? |
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Definition
| (Chomski) Believed that because there are an infinite number of sentances you cant expect that children learn language by imitation. He believed that humans are born with a natural ability to develop language, and are equipped with a Language acquisition device device that facilitates this. |
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Term
| Language acquisition device |
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Definition
| part of human instinct that facilitates the learning of language. Humans learn language for the same reasons birds learn to fly |
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Term
| 3 Examples of how language shapes thought |
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Definition
Linguistic Relativity
Framing-
Semantic Slanting- |
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Term
| Who is Whorf and why is he important? |
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Definition
| advocate of linguistic relativity- the idea that ones language determines the nature of one's thought. Example: English vs Eskimos view of the word snow. |
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Term
| Do animals display observational learning? |
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Definition
| Yes, Ex: One dog taught other dog to dig through trash |
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Term
| How many phonemes are in the word “Time”? |
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Definition
(3) He flies Kites:
• Phonemes- He flies Kites
• Morphemes- HE Fly s Kite s |
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Term
| Do animals display classical conditioning? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Wide variety of baby sounds ex: lalala |
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Term
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Definition
| A single word (such as Thanks) that is used to express a complete, meaningful thought. More specifically, a term used in language acquisition |
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Term
| What is Telegraphic speech? |
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Definition
| Only content words are used and UN-needed word are left out ex: "Give ball" |
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Term
| What does "Metalinguistic awareness" Refer to? |
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Definition
| The ability to reflect on the use of language |
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Term
| In The phrase "Talked to the Players" List the morphemes and phonemes |
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Definition
Words: Talked to the players
Morpheme: talk-ed-To-the-play-er-s (7)
Phoneme:(t-e-k)(t) (t-u-w) (th-e) (pley)(er)(s) |
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Term
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Definition
| System of rules that define of words are arranged in a sentance. |
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Term
Number the sentances in the order in which they probably occur in language acquisition.
1. "Doggie" While pointing to a cow
2. "The dogs runned away"
3. "Doggie run
4."The dogs ran away
5.Doggie while pointing to a dog
6. Tommy thinks like his head is full of mashed potatoes
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Definition
1-
4-
3-
5-
2-
6- longer with metaphor
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Term
The relative ease in remembering the last things in a list is due to what effect? |
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Definition
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Term
What is it called when someone uses their words to illicit or numb emotion? |
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Definition
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Term
Little Tommy said “she telled me that” What is the name of this grammatical error? |
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Definition
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