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Principles of Evolution
Vocabulary
25
Biology
9th Grade
01/05/2009

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Term
Population
Definition
a group of individuals that belong to the same species live in a defined area, and breed with others in the group
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
the processes by which populations change in response to their environment
Term
Adaptation
Definition
the changing of a species that results in its being better suited to its environment
Term
Microevolution
Definition
change that occurs within a species over time
Term
Isolation
Definition
two populations of the same become seperated from one another
Term
Species
Definition
a group of organisms that look alike and are capable of producing fetile offspring
Term
Extinct
Definition
the organism disappears completely
Term
Macroevolution
Definition
change that leads to a replacement of a species (for example- mammals replacing the dinosaurs)
Term
Fossil
Definition
preserved or mineralized remains of an organism that lived long ago
Term
Family Tree
Definition
shows how organisms are related through evolution
Term
Common Ancestor
Definition
indicated by a branch point in a family tree
Term
Homologous Structures
Definition
structures that share a common ancestry
Term
Vestigial Structures
Definition
structures are present in an organism but are reduced in organism's evolutionary past (tailbone)
Term
Gradualism
Definition
gradual change over a long period of time that leads to species formation
Term
Puncuated Equilibrium
Definition
periods of rapid change in species are seperated by periods of little or no change
Term
Industrial Melanism
Definition
the darkening of populations of organisms over time in response to industrial pollution
Term
Divergence
Definition
accumulation of differences between groups
Term
Speciation
Definition
the process by which new species form
Term
Reproductive Isolation
Definition
the prevention of mating between formerly interbreeding groups or the inability of these groups to produce fertile offspring
Term
Cyanobacteria
Definition
ancient bacteria which produced oxygen gas into the oceans
Term
Mass Extinctions
Definition
there have been 5 major mass extinctions of life on Earth, the last one was 65 milltions years ago
Term
Diurnal
Definition
active during the day and sleep at night
Term
Opposable Thumb
Definition
stands out at an angle from the other fingers and can be bent toward them to grasp an object
Term
Hominid
Definition
belonging to the human line of ancestry
Term
Bipedal
Definition
able to walk upright on two legs
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