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Principles of Disease
first definitions
12
Microbiology
Undergraduate 1
01/21/2010

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Term
Host 
Definition
organism which provides nutrients, etc. to another organism
Term
Parasite 
Definition
organism that lives at the expense of its host; generally smaller than host and it metabolically dependent upon it
Term
Disease
Definition
an upset of the homeostasis of the host, resulting in generation of observable changes 
Term
sign
Definition
objective evidence of damage to the host (fever, rash, vomiting, etc)
Term
symptom
Definition
subjective evidence of damage to the host (headache, anorexia)
Term
Infectious Disease
Definition
one in which detrimental changes in heath of the host occur as a result of damage caused by a parasite
Term
Pathogen
Definition
microorganism that is capable of causing disease
Term
virulence
Definition
measure of pathogenicity, which is the ability to cause disease
Term
Virulent
Definition
microorganisms that readily cause disease (only small numbers of the microorganism are required to initiate and sustain infection)
Term
Attenuated
Definition
organisms with reduced ability to cause disease
Term
Avirulent
Definition
microorganisms that do not cause disease
Term
Opportunistic
Definition
microorganisms that may or may not cause disease generally colonize, but do not infect the host when usually found associated with a host, called normal microbiota can cause disease if they are inadvertently introduced into a site where they do not usually reside, especially inside host tissues
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