Term
For each of the following environments, state whether it is stable, transient, or other. Some may be more than one.
Neighborhood populations
Veterinary Hospitals
Households
Research units
Animal shelters
Feral Groups
Cat shows
Closed/non-breeding
Catteries
Boarding facilities
Kennels |
|
Definition
Neighborhood populations: other
Veterinary Hospitals: transient
Households: stable
Research units: stable/transient
Animal shelters: transient
Feral Groups: other
Cat shows: transient
Closed/non-breeding: stable
Catteries: stable
Boarding facilities: transient
Kennels: stable |
|
|
Term
| Why is inbreeding typically done? |
|
Definition
| Inbreeding is frequently done to concentrate desirable traits. |
|
|
Term
| The trade-off of inbreeding for desirable traits is: |
|
Definition
Genetic susceptibility to disease
Compromised immunity
Reduced reproductive performance |
|
|
Term
| Inbreeding may lead to an increased incidence of what four conditions in catteries? |
|
Definition
FeLV
FIV
FIP
Dermatophytosis |
|
|
Term
| There is a possibility of increased susceptibility to canine ____________ in some breeds after inbreeding. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mortality is of greater concern in ______________ environments, so _________________ are essential. |
|
Definition
Transient
Post-mortems (necropsy) |
|
|
Term
| T/F: kitten and puppy mortalities usually occur within days of birth. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: kitten and puppy mortalities usually occur within days of birth. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: kittens and puppies react in a limited scope to a variety of insults, including genetic, environmental, and infectious causes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increased morbidity/mortality in certain age groups usually signifies __________ or ______________ etiologies. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the virulent systemic feline calicivirus that emerged in 2002: |
|
Definition
Mortality rate was high within hours of exposure
Onset of clinical signs was within 1-3 days
C/S: swelling of face, limbs, and skin ulceration in *vaccinated cats*
Initially reported in a veterinary clinic associated with shelter. |
|
|
Term
| The age associated with the highest risk of infection is post __________. |
|
Definition
Weaning
Note: advanced age can also increase the risk of infection. |
|
|
Term
| Feline coronaviruses include _____________ and _______________. |
|
Definition
Feline Enteric Coronavirus (FECV)
Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) |
|
|
Term
| T/F: FIP is a mutant of enteric coronaviruses. |
|
Definition
| True--cats getting this have a genetic factor. |
|
|
Term
| T/F: FIP carries a genetic component. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: infection with feline coronavirus is instantaneous for cats entering shelters due to fecal-oral transmission and close confinement. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Feline coronaviruses are stable/unstable in the environment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________ is a significant factor in the development of respiratory disease. In a shelter environment, this factor is often brought on by ______________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: testing for carriers of respiratory infection is routinely done to help limit the transmission of respiratory pathogens. |
|
Definition
| False: the testing for carriers is impractical, although knowledge of complexity and depth of pathogens may be helpful. |
|
|
Term
| T/F: an outbreak that is severe and involves a significant # of animals is likely being transmitted at that facility. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the control goals in transient environments? |
|
Definition
Sanitation/isolation
Husbandry--make sure animals are eating
Preventative medicine under veterinary supervision
Written protocols |
|
|
Term
| List the important feline respiratory pathogens: |
|
Definition
FHV-1
Feline Calicivirus
Chlamydia psittaci (C. felis)
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Mycoplasma |
|
|
Term
Which of the following pairs of pathogens are responsible for 80-90% of feline upper respiratory disease?
a. FHV-1/FCV
b. FHV-1/Bordetella
c. Bordetella/Mycoplasma
d. FCV/Chlamydia psittaci
e. Bordetella/Chlamydophila felis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FHV-1 survives _______ hours in the environment and can have carrier states up to ____%, while FCV survives ___-____ days in the environment and can be shed for ______. |
|
Definition
48 hours
90%
8-10 days
Months |
|
|
Term
| When diagnosing feline upper respiratory disease, ________ swabs are often preferred to a conjunctival swab/scrape due to ease of sample-getting. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: in transient environments, complete elimination of pathogens is the goal. |
|
Definition
| False: this is unrealistic. Goals should be to control the amount of disease by vaccination, management, and scrutinizing new additions into the colony. |
|
|
Term
| T/F: secondary bacterial invasion of feline respiratory disease is common. |
|
Definition
| True: Bordetella, Mycoplasma |
|
|
Term
| ________________ and ________________ are two antibiotics that can be used for feline respiratory disease. Of these, _________________ can be irritating to the esophagus of cats and can cause strictures, so be careful with administration. ________________ used to be the drug of choice against Bordetella, but studies now show there is a strong resistance to these antimicrobials. |
|
Definition
Doxycycline
Fluoroquinolones
Doxycycline
Potentiated sulfas |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Bordetella can be shared between animals and people. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: stable environments offer the greatest opportunity for control of many diseases. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: population health maintenance programs of stable environments should be designed based on empirical diagnosis and therapy. |
|
Definition
| False: they should be individualized to the size of the population. |
|
|
Term
| In stable environments, __________________________ shows proof of immediate immunologic response. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______-_________% of stable environments will be infected with coronaviruses. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why should FIP cats be housed separately? |
|
Definition
| FIP cats are not infectious, but their immune systems are compromised, so they are moved to protect themselves. |
|
|
Term
| _________% of spontaneous FIP in catteries occurs in cats with concurrent _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: breeding stock that produces kittens that develop FIPV should be culled because the mutation of feline enteric coronaviruses to FIP carries a genetic component. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Feline panleukopenia virus is a __________ (family) that is stable/unstable in the environment. How is it shed? |
|
Definition
Parvovirus
Stable
Shed in all body secretions--close contact important |
|
|
Term
| Vaccine breaks (fetal death in a vaccinated queen) have occurred with vaccination against what virus? |
|
Definition
| Feline Panleukopenia Virus |
|
|
Term
| What is the leading cause of infectious disease in domestic cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FeLV and FIV are stable/unstable in the environment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Puppies and kittens should begin a deworming program at ____ weeks of age. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With regard to parasites, the bitch has the greatest problem with ____________, while the queen has the greatest problem with _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Dr. Baldwin's favorite dewormer for puppies and kittens? This dewormer is NOT effective against __________. |
|
Definition
Equine Pyrantel Pamoate
Hookworms--do fecals |
|
|
Term
| List the various "important" canine pathogens (long list): |
|
Definition
CDV
Canine Hepatitis
Lepto
Adenovirus
Parainfluenza
Canine Influenza
Bordetella
Mycoplasma
Canine Parvovirus
Rabies |
|
|
Term
| List the important canine pathogens for a transient environment: |
|
Definition
Canine Parainfluenza and other respiratory pathogens
CDV
Canine Parvovirus
Rabies |
|
|
Term
| List the various pathogens associated with canine enteric disease: |
|
Definition
Canine Parvovirus
Coronavirus
Parasites
Leptospirosis |
|
|
Term
| Describe the protocol for management of canine enteric diseases in a transient environment: |
|
Definition
Remove feces/exudate
10 minute contact time with cleaning materials
Careful cleaning of holding areas |
|
|
Term
| ______________ is the gold standard for disinfectants. |
|
Definition
| Bleach 1:32 dilution with water |
|
|
Term
| List the viral players for canine respiratory disease: |
|
Definition
Parainfluenza
Adenovirus
Canine Respiratory Coronavirus
Canine Herpes Virus
Canine Influenza Virus |
|
|
Term
| List the bacterial players for canine respiratory disease: |
|
Definition
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Mycoplasma
Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus |
|
|
Term
| ____________________ is a bacterial pathogen that causes hemorrhagic pneumonia late in canine respiratory disease. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: antibiotics are usually the treatment of choice for canine respiratory disease. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are cough suppressants ever warranted with canine respiratory disease? |
|
Definition
Yes--if there is risk of tracheobronchial collapse
Try to avoid if there is a productive cough |
|
|
Term
| What three body systems are affected by canine distemper virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
