Term
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Definition
*the different forms of a gene
*expression example: AA, Aa, or aa |
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Term
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Definition
| *in human DNA, the remaining 44 chromosomes (other than the sex chromosomes) |
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Term
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Definition
*a situation where both alleles contribute to the phenotype
*ex: black chicken(BB) crossed with white chicken(WW) = speckled white and black chicken(WB)
*DIFFERENT FROM INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE |
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Term
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Definition
*a cell containing TWO SETS of chromosomes as opposed to haploid
*resulting from mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
*the number of chromosomes that a diploid cell has
*represented by 2N, so if the diploid # is 8, 2N = 8 |
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Term
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Definition
| *a dominant form of the gene will be expressed |
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Term
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Definition
| *the process during sexual reproduction where male and female reproductive parts join |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*the representation of alleles for a gene in an organism
*ex: AA, Aa, aa |
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Term
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Definition
*an Austrian monks who first experimented with genetics and developed his ideas using pea plants
*19th century |
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Term
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Definition
*a cell that contains only one set of chromosomes
*resulting from meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
*the number of chromosomes a haploid cell has
*represented by N, so if the haploid number is 4, it would be written N = 4 |
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Term
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Definition
*organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait
*ex: Aa or Hh, as opposed to LL or dd |
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Term
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Definition
*organisms that have the same alleles for one trait
*ex: RR or rr, as opposed to Gg or Tt |
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Term
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Definition
| *a recessive form of the gene will not be expressed if paired with a dominant allele, it will be expressed only if it is homozygous recessive |
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Term
a pair of homologous chromosomes
PG 275 |
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Definition
| *contains corresponding chromosomes: one from the female parent, and one from the male |
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Term
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Definition
*an organism that is the offspring of a cross between parents with different traits
*ex: the offspring of a cross between a tall plant and a short plant |
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Term
incomplete dominance
PG 272 |
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Definition
*a situation where the phenotype of a cross between two organisms is a mix of the phenotypes of the parents
*ex: red flower(RR) crossed with a white flower(WW) results in a pink flower(RW) |
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Term
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Definition
*the process in which gametes are formed
*resulting in 4 different haploid cells each with one set of chromosomes |
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Term
Meiosis 1: Interphase 1
PG 276 |
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Definition
| *cells undergo a round of DNA replication, forming duplicate chromosomes |
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Term
Meiosis 1: Prophase 1
PG 276 |
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Definition
| *homologous chromosomes pair up to form a tetrad |
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Term
Meiosis 1: Metaphase 1
PG 276 |
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Definition
| *spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes |
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Term
Meiosis 1: Anaphase 1
PG 276 |
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Definition
| *the fibers pull the tetrad apart to two opposite sides of the cell splitting up the homologous chromosomes |
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Term
Meiosis 1: Telophase 1 and Cytokinesis
PG 276 |
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Definition
*nuclear membranes form
*the cell separates into two cells |
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Term
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Definition
*the first phase of Meiosis
*resulting in two haploid daughter cells each without a complete set of chromosomes |
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Term
Meiosis 2: Prophase 2:
PG 277 |
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Definition
| *Meiosis 1 results in 2 haploid daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the origonal cell |
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Term
Meiosis 2: Metaphase 2:
PG 277 |
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Definition
*the chromosomes line up in a similar way to the metaphase stage in Mitosis
*spindle fibers attach |
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Term
Meiosis 2: Anaphase 2:
PG 277 |
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Definition
| *the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell |
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Term
Meiosis 2: Telophase 2 and Cytokinesis
PG 277 |
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Definition
| *Meiosis 2 results in 4 haploid(N) daughter cells with 2 chromosomes each (at this point, the sister chromatids that separated in Anaphase 2 are called chromosomes) |
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Term
Meiosis 1 order of phases
PG 276 |
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Definition
*Meiosis 1:
1) Interphase 1
2) Prophase 1
3) Metaphase 1
4) Anaphase 1
5) Telophase 1 and Cytokinesis |
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Term
Meiosis 2 order of phases
PG 277 |
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Definition
*Meiosis 2:
1) Prophase 2
2) Metaphase 2
3) Anaphase 2
4) Telophase 2 and Cytokinesis |
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Term
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Definition
*a situation where there are more than two possible alleles in a population
*ex: blood types, possible alleles: IAIA, IAi, IBIB, IBi, ii, IA7IB |
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Term
polygenic inheritance
PG 273 |
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Definition
| *a situation where a trait is controlled by more than one gene |
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Term
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Definition
*pure- bred
*ex: plants that, if allowed to self- pollinate, would produce only offspring identical to the parents |
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Term
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Definition
| *the process that chromosome undergo during Prophase 1 of Meiosis 1 during Meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids |
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Term
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Definition
| *a technique in molecular biology used to compare DNA samples to see if they belong to the same person |
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Term
repeats(DNA sequencing)
PG 356 |
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Definition
*sections on a chromosome that don't code for any genes
*since these differ from person to person, they are used in DNA sequencing |
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Term
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Definition
| *the process in which scientists replace an absent or faulty gene with a new, working gene |
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Term
human genome project
PG 357 |
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Definition
| *an ongoing effort to decode and analyze the entire human DNA sequence(genome) |
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Term
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Definition
| *a picture that biologists make by photographing chromosomes, cutting them out of the picture, then grouping them with their homologous pair |
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Term
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Definition
*a pedigree chart shows the relationships within a family
*these help track traits and disorders in family lines |
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Term
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Definition
*determine the person's sex
*2 out of the 46 |
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Term
sex- linked inheritance
PG 350 |
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Definition
*sex-linked genes are located on the x or y chromosome
*if it is on the y chromosome(in a male), it will only be inherited if the child is a boy
*all x-linked disorders will be inherited by boys, even if recessive |
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Term
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Definition
*a sex-linked disorder
*on the x chromosome |
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