Mandible: Elevation/Depression, Protraction/Retraction, Lateral Deviation Right/Left

Rib Cage: Elevation/Depression

Spinal Column: Flexion/extension, Lateral Flexion Right/Left, Rotation Right/Left, Circumduction

Origin: Inferior border of the rib above

Insertion: Superior border of the rib belwo

Movement: Draws the ribs superiorly (incresing the space of the thoracic cavity) to assist with inhalation

Origin: External surfaces of the 5th - 12th ribs

Insertion: Anterior part of the iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba

Movement: Laterally flex to the same side and rotates to the opposite side

Origin: Inferior border of the rib above

Insertion: Superior border of the rib below

Movement: Draws the ribs inferiorly decreasing the space of the thoracic cavity to assist with exhalation

Origin: Sacrum and transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae

Insertion: Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through second cervical vertebra

Origin: Spinous process of the axis (C2)

Insertion: Transverse process of the atlas (C1)

Movement: Rotate the head to the same side

Origin: Posterior iliac crest

Insertion: Last rib and transverse process of 1st- 4th lumbar vertebrae

Movement: laterally tilt pelvis, laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side

Origin: sternal Head top of manubrium Clavicular head: medial 1/3 of the clavicle

Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone and the lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput

Movement: laterally flex the head and neck to the same side and rotates the head and neck to the opposite side