Term
| what constitutes the appendicular skeleton? |
|
Definition
four appendages:
2 upper limbs
2 lower limbs |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| girdles attach the limbs of the appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton |
|
|
Term
| what are the two girdles in the skeleton? |
|
Definition
pectoral girdle (attaches upper limbe to the axial skeleton)
pelvic girdle (attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton) |
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|
Term
| what bones compose the pectoral girdle? locations? |
|
Definition
clavicle (anteriorly)
scapula (posteriorly) |
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Term
| from what two points of the scapula does the clavicle extend between? |
|
Definition
sternum (sternal end of clavicle)
acromion (acromial end) |
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|
Term
how does the clavicle affect the scapula?
what happens with a broken clavicle? |
|
Definition
pushes the scapula posteriorly (away from the posterior thoracic wall)
A broken clavicle allows the upper limb to fall forward |
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|
Term
| how does the clavicle articulate with the sternum and scapula? |
|
Definition
sternum: articulates medially at sternoclavicular joint
scapula: laterally at the acromionclavicular joint |
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|
Term
| does the scapula articulate with arm? |
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Definition
| yes, it articulates with the humerus at the glenohumoral joint |
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|
Term
| which end of the clavicle is the round hammerlike head? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which end of the clavicle is a flattened plate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the conoid tubercle? |
|
Definition
| an outgrowth on the clavicle that occurs near the acromial end |
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|
Term
| what three angles comprise the scapula? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what three borders comprise the scapula? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the subscapular fossa? |
|
Definition
| the broad anterior surface of the scapula |
|
|
Term
| what are the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae? |
|
Definition
fossae on the posterior surface of the scapula
separated by a transverse spine |
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|
Term
| where are the glenoid cavity and coracoid process? |
|
Definition
| lateral angle of the scapula at the shoulder |
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|
Term
| what does the head of the humerus articulate with? |
|
Definition
| the glenoid fossa of the scapula |
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|
Term
the spine of the scapula protrudes _____________
the acromion of the scapula protrudes ____________, from _________________ |
|
Definition
the spine of the scapula protrudes posteriorly
the acromion of the scapula protrudes anteriorly, from behind to articulate with the clavicle. |
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|
Term
| what three main regions compose the upper limb? |
|
Definition
arm (shoulder to elbow)
forearm (elbow to wrist)
hand |
|
|
Term
how many bones are in the upper limb?
what are the four segments of the upper limb? |
|
Definition
40;
brachium (arm, contains humerus)
antebrachium (forearm, contains radius and ulna)
carpus (wrist)
manus (hand) |
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|
Term
| how many bones make up the wrist? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many bones make up the hand? |
|
Definition
5 metacarpal bones in the palmar region
14 phalanges in the digits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single long bone in the arm |
|
|
Term
| with what does the humerus head articulate? |
|
Definition
| the head articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula |
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|
Term
| how many tubercles of the humerus are there and what are they called? |
|
Definition
two large tubercles: greater and lesser
one intertubercular groove |
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|
Term
| why does the humerus have tubercles? |
|
Definition
| large muscles attach to these regions |
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|
Term
| what muscle attaches to the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus? |
|
Definition
| deltoid muscle, hence this tuberosity is large |
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|
Term
| what are the medial and lateral epicondyles? |
|
Definition
| common forearm muscle attachment sites on the humerus |
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|
Term
| what are the radius and ulna? |
|
Definition
two long bones in the forearm
radius = lateral
ulna = medial |
|
|
Term
| what is the interosseous membrane? |
|
Definition
| stout, membrane-like fibrous joint that holds together the radius and the ulna |
|
|
Term
| what is the trochlear notch? |
|
Definition
| notch at proximal aspect of radius and ulna where the trochlea articulates |
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|
Term
| what is the head of the radius? |
|
Definition
| spot at proximal aspect of radius where the capitulum articulates |
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|
Term
| what is the radial notch? |
|
Definition
| articulation where the head of the radius rotates against the ulna |
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|
Term
| list the carpal bones of the wrist in the proximal row from lateral to medial |
|
Definition
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform |
|
|
Term
| list the carpal bones of the wrist in the distal row from lateral to medial |
|
Definition
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate |
|
|
Term
| what distinctive appearance does the hamate have? |
|
Definition
| conspicuous hook called the hamulus |
|
|
Term
| what does the hamulus do? |
|
Definition
| provides location for attachment of flexor retinaculum |
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|
Term
| what is a coxal bone? how many are in the body? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what does teh adult pelvic girdle do? |
|
Definition
| supports the trunk on the lower limbs and encloses and protects viscera of the pelvic cavity |
|
|
Term
| what components make up the pelvic girdle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what makes up the pelvic? |
|
Definition
the pelvic girdle (two hip bones + sacrum)
associated muscles
ligaments
other soft tissues |
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|
Term
| with what does each hip (coxal) bone articulate? |
|
Definition
the vertebral column at the sacroiliac joint
anteriorly with each other at the pubic symphysis |
|
|
Term
| what is the pubic symphysis? |
|
Definition
point in pelvis where the two coxal bones articulate with one anoteher anteriorly
fibrocartilagenous interpubic disc between them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the point where the pelvis narrows from the abdominal cavity |
|
|
Term
| how is the pelvis divided? |
|
Definition
greater pelvis above the brim
lesser pelvis below the brim |
|
|
Term
| what is the pelvic inlet? |
|
Definition
| the margin of the pelvic brim |
|
|
Term
| what is the pelvic outlet? |
|
Definition
| the inferior exit from the lesser pelvis |
|
|
Term
| how does a child travel through the pelvis during childbirth? |
|
Definition
infant drops through the pelvic inlet into the lesser pelvis
then emerges from the pelvic outlet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the hip socket
formed by all three parts of the hip bone meeting together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inferior to the acetabulum on the hip bone
encircles the obturator foramen with the pubis |
|
|
Term
| what is the most sexually dimorphic region of the human body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the pelvis appear in women? |
|
Definition
adapted to childbirth
wider
shallower
larger pelvic inlet and outlet than men |
|
|
Term
| how does the pelvis appear in men? |
|
Definition
more robust
narrower
deeper
smaller pelvic inlet and outlet |
|
|
Term
| how many bones are in a lower limb? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how are the bones in a lower limb divided? |
|
Definition
femoral (thigh) region
cural (leg) region
tarsal (ankle) region
fot (pes) region |
|
|
Term
| what does the femoral region contain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the cural region contain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the tarsal region contain? |
|
Definition
| 7 bones considered part of the foot |
|
|
Term
| what does the rest of the foot contain? |
|
Definition
5 metatarsal bones
14 phalanges |
|
|
Term
| what is the longest and strongest bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of joint is the head of the femur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the fovea capitis? |
|
Definition
| pit in the hemispherical head of the femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| triangular sesamoid bone of the knee with a broad superior base |
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|
Term
the tibia is located ____________ (laterally or medially?)
the fibula is located ____________ (laterally or medially?) |
|
Definition
tibia is located medially
fibula is located laterally |
|
|
Term
| what kind of joint is the interosseous membrane? |
|
Definition
a sturdy fibrous joint
holds together tibia and fibula as well as radius and ulna |
|
|
Term
| where is the only place the femur articulates with the tibia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what joints (aside from interosseous membrane) are located between the tibia and fibula? |
|
Definition
| proximal and distal tibiofibular joints |
|
|
Term
| what are the lateral and medial malleoli? |
|
Definition
| bony protuberance formed by the tibia (medial) and fibula (lesser) that make up the ankle |
|
|
Term
| how many curvatures does the vertebral column exhibit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the curvatures of the vertebral column? |
|
Definition
| To balance upper body over the pelvic girdle and center of gravity. |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 regions of the vertebral column? |
|
Definition
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacral |
|
|
Term
| how many vertebrae compose each region of the vertebral column? |
|
Definition
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral |
|
|
Term
| what is the terminal portion of the vertebral column? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what comprises the thoracic cage? |
|
Definition
Sternum
12 ribs
12 thoracic vertebra. |
|
|
Term
| what are the three parts of the sternum? |
|
Definition
Manubrium
sternal body
xiphoid process |
|
|
Term
| list the various parts of a typical rib and state what they articulate with |
|
Definition
| Head (vertebral body) neck (no articulation) tubercle (transverse process) shaft (costal cartilage). |
|
|
Term
| how is the upper limb attached to the axial skeleton? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what bones form the attachment of the upper limb to the axial skeleton? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what bones form the pelvic girdle? |
|
Definition
| Left and right pelvic bones, sacrum. |
|
|
Term
| which bones fuse to form the hip bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many tarsal bones form the ankle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many metatarsal bones are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many phalanges are found in the foot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which digit of the foot only has 2 phalanges? |
|
Definition
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