DOP (Denominacao de Origem Protegida)

IGP (Indicacao Geografica Protegida)

VINHOS DE MESA/VINHOS: Table Wine

*Individual Legislations for each DOP wine is prescribed within the DOP, which sets the requirements for allowed styles, max yields, min alcohol, aging, and grape varietals.

THERE ARE 14 IGP's.

WITHIN EACH IGP, you will find DOP's, who have stricter rules and regulations regarding yields, grapes, aging, and overall quality.

All IGP wine must be a min 85% of grapes grown in the stated region.

A wide range of varietals is permitted in each IGP, and min alcohol content also varies.

IGP includes the prior designations of IG (Indicacao Geografica) and VR (Vinhos Regional). These are being eliminated to conform to EU standards, however these designations may be left on the label if they're not being exported.

1. MINHO

2. TRANSMONTANO

3. DURIENSE

4. TERRAS DO DAO

5. TERRAS DE CISTER

6. TERRAS DE BEIRA

7. BEIRA ATLANTICO

8. TEJO

9. LISBOA

10. ALENTEJANO

11. PENINSULA DE SETUBAL

12. ALGARVE

13. TERRAS MADEIRENSES

14. ACORES

"private wine cellar"

Vintage-dated DOP or IGP wines with this on the label indicate a min period of aging prior to release:

*RED (Tinto) wines must age for a min 30 months, 12 in bottle.

*WHITE (Branco) AND ROSADO wines must age for a min 12 months, 6 in bottle.

As pioneered by Niepoort, this has a separate connotation:

Vintage Garrafeira Port following a few years aging in barrels is required to mature for a period of at least 8 years in glass demijohns (like Canteiro Sherry).

Reserva: indicates the wine has at least .5% more alcohol than the legal min established by the respective DOP or IGP. *However, stricter requirements for DOPs may supersede this standard.

Method Trad Sparkling wines: reserva indicates a min period of 12 months on the lees prior to degorgement.

Indicates a min 1% higher abv than that established by the regional appellation.

*Garrafeira, Reserva, and Colheita Seleccionada may all be applied to wines produced in any of Portugal's demarcated regions.

CASTELAO

TOURIGA NACIONAL

JAEN (aka Mencia)

ALFROCHEIRO

TRINCADEIRA (aka Tinta Amarela)

BAGA

ARAGONEZ (Tinta Roriz, Tempranillo)

FERNAO PIRES (Maria Gomes)

ENCRUZADO

ARINTO

ANTAO VAZ

ALVARINHO

CERCIAL

SERCIAL (Esgana Cao "Dog Strangler")

These two share the exact geographic boundaries.

THERE ARE 9 SUBREGIONS.

Cool, rainy, Atlantic influenced climate prevails, so rot can be problematic.

Wineries trellis their vines high above the ground, referred to as ENFORCADO, to avoid rot.

VINHO VERDE "Green Wine" references the youthfulness and also the verdant countryside. This is also the largest DOP in Portugal.

They produce red, white, and rosado wines.

RED CASTAS: Espadeiro, Borracal, Vinhao, Alvarelhao

WHITE CASTAS: Alvarinho, Trajadura, Loureiro, Avesso, Pederna (Arinto)

MONCAO e MELGACO

LIMA

CAVADO

BASTO

AVE

SOUSA

AMARANTE

BAIAO

PAIVA

Located to the east of Minho and along the Spanish border.

Within this region are 3 subregions of the

Tras-os-Montes DOP:

CHAVES

VALPACOS

PLANALTO MIRANDES

*The region is dry, hot, and mountainous with the resulting wines typically ripe and full bodied. Cooler, high-altitude vineyards exist and those better preserve acidity.

Important RED CASTAS: Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Bastardo (Trousseau), Touriga Francesca, Trincadeira.

Important WHITE CASTAS: Fernao Pires, Siria, Viosinho, Gouveio, Malvasia Fina, Rabigato.

The Duriense IGP is a slender region that encompasses the eastern, mountainous Douro River Valley south of Transmontano. It includes the DOP's of DOURO and PORTO.

The Douro is Portugal's first demarcated wine region.

SCHIST is the preferred soil type for Port and is found abundantly throughout the zone.

The Douro Valley has a continental climate because the region's craggy mountains act as a barrier from the humid Atlantic winds.

THERE ARE 3 SUBZONES IN DOURO:

BAIXA CORGO (lower corgo)

CIMA CORGO (upper corgo)

DOURO SUPERIOR

*Baixa corgo lowest quality

"Fortified" in Portuguese.

Moscatel do Douro are produced as Douro DOP, but fortified Port from the Douro region is released as Porto DOP.

RED: Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Cao, Tinta Barroca.

WHITE: Malvasia Fina, Viosinho, Rabigato, Gouveio.

*Moscatel Galego is used for foritified Moscatel wines, which may carry an age designation in the manner of tawny Port.

Branca/Rosado: 10.5%

Tinto: 11%

Reserva: +1% abv + aging requirements below

WHITE RESERVA: must be aged min 6 months

RED RESERVA: must be aged minimum 1 year

Those that meet reserva criteria and score exceptionally well may use the term GRANDE RESERVA.

*Espumanto do Douro (sparkling) and Colheita Tardia (late harvest) may be produced as Douro DOP.

Terras do Dao

Terras de Cister

Terras da Beira

Beira Atlantico

Dao DOP

Lafoes DOP

Tavora-Varosa DOP, which is a center for sparkling wine production. It is a small appellation just due south of the Douro River.

"Land of the Cistercians"

BEIRA INTERIOR DOP, a larger appellation near the Spanish border. Despite its size it has relatively fewer growers.

Beira Interior contains 3 subzones:

BEIRA CASTELO RODRIGO

COVA DE BEIRA

PINHEL

SERRA DE ESTRELA

ALVA

BESTEIROS

CASTENDO

SILGUEIROS

TERRAS DE AZURARA

TERRAS DE SENHORIM

Sheltered by 3 mountain ranges, the Dao is partially protected from the harsh winds of the continental interior, and the wet, cool maritime systems of the coast.

The region is hot and dry in growing season, but rainy in the winter.

Touriga Nacional is king, followed by Jaen, Touriga Franca, Alfrocheiro, Aragonez, Bastardo, Rufete, Trincadeira, and Tinta Cao.

Whites grapes are predominantly: Encruzado, Bical, and Cercial.

*Cab and Semillon are allowed, but cannot comprise more than 40% of the blend.

Tinto: Min 11% abv, cannot be released before May 15 of the year following harvest.

Tinto Reserva: Min 11.5% abv, 24 months min

Tinto Garrafeira: Min 11.%, 36 months, 12 in bottle

Tinto Nobre: Min 12% abv, 36 months min

Tinto Nobre Reserva: Min 12.5%, 42 months min

Tinto Nobre Garrafeira: 12.5%, 48 mo., 18 in bottle.

Branco: Min 11% abv with no aging requirements

Branco Reserva: Min 11.5%, 6 months

Branco Garrafeira: 11.5%, 12 months, 6 in bottle

Branco Nobre: 11.5%, 12 months

Branco Nobre Reserva: 12%, 12 Months

Branco Nobre Garrafeira: 12%, 18 months, 9 in bottle

Located west of Dao, this DOP experience a milder, rainier climate. It also produces predominantly red wine.

Known for the astringent Baga, the main red grape in the region that does particularly well in the barros (clay) soils.

The white grapes, Maria Gomes and Arinto, are usually planted in the sandier soils.

A min 50% Baga must be in all red wines, usually supported by Touriga Nacional, Camarate, Castelao, jaen, and Alfrocheiro.

Winemakers who remain faithful to the native grapes of this DOP and provide a min 12.5% abv may have this designation.

Native grapes: Min 50% Baga, Touriga Nacional, Jaen, Alfrocheiro, etc.

BUCELAS

COLARES

CARCAVELOS

ARRUDA

TORRES VEDRAS

ALENQUER

OBIDOS

LOURINHA

ENCOSTAS DE AIRE

The sandy soils of Colares protected the DOP from Phylloxera, because of this ungrafted and some old vine Ramisco make up a min 80% of Red wines and Malvasia makes up min 80% of the white wines.

A second, harder soil known as "chao rija" is found further inland. Castelao comprises a min 80% of any red wine from chao rija soil.

A combined min 75% of Castelao and Preto Martinho make up the red wines.

Whites wines are a blend of Arinto, Galego, Dourado, and Ratinho.

The wines are fermented dry, then fortified and sweetened with vinho abafado, a partially fermented must preserved with alcohol.

After fortification, Carcavelos wines are aged in barrel for at least 2 years, min 6 months in the bottle.

Only 25 hectares of vineyard left, so this DOP produces limited quantities of wine. Urbanization from nearby Capital city Lisboa is the cause...

Made up of two DOP zones:

SETUBAL

PALMELA

This IGPs climate is Mediterranean. It encompasses the peninsula, defined by the Tagus and Sado estuaries, and a small section of the Atlantic Coast.

Most known for Vinhos Licoroso.

Sweet white wine is produced from a min 67% Moscatel de Setubal (Muscat d'Alexandria).

Red fortified wines are produced from a min 67% Moscatel Roxo.

If the varietal is on the label, it must be 85% min of the aforementioned grapes.

These wines develop a tawny, burnt orange color with raisin spice character due to maturation in large wooden casks for up to 5 years prior to release. Some age upwards of 20.

Comprised of two distinct areas:

LOW LYING, SANDY PLAINS

&

CLAY LIMESTONE LOWER SLOPES OF ARRABIDA MTNS

Sandy plains = Castelao

*The regions premier grape and min 66.7% required

White wines are typically blended with a higher proportion of Fernao Pires, then Arinto.

This DOP is rather liberal with their permitted grapes including: Cab, Chard, Semmillon, Syrah, Sauv Blanc, Merlot, and Tannat!

The sole DOP in in the Tejo IGP.

It is divided into 6 SUBREGIONS:

CORUCHE

CHAMUSCA

CARTAXO

SANTAREM

TOMAR

ALMEIRIM

*White wines outnumber red production

*Fernao Pires is the dominant White grape

*Castelao is the dominant Red grape

The only DOP in the Alentejano IGP.

It is made up of 8 Subzones:

MOURA

GRANJA-AMARELEJA

EVORA

VIDIGUEIRA

REGUENGOS

REDONDO

BORBA

PORTALEGRE

*The latter, Portalegre, is located on the cooler, grantic slopes of the Sao Marnede Mts and is the most promising area in the region.

Red wine production exceeds that of white, and TRINCADEIRA is the region's most prominent grape.

*Plantations of Quercus Suber (cork trees) are widespread through the region.

Algarve is the southernmost IGP. It contains four DOP zones:

LAGOS

LAGOA

PORTIMAO

TAVIRA

*Each are dominated by a cooperative.

Traditional grape varieties include: Castelao, Tinta Negra Mole for red wine, and Arinto and Siria for white wines.

These volcanic islands are located in the middle of the Atlantic, nearly 1000 miles from the coast of portugal.

Only 3 of the Islands have DOP zones:

PICO

GRACIOSA

                              TERCEIRA (Biscoitos DOP)

*Pico DOP of the Pico Island and Biscoitos DOP of the Terceira Island produce fortified wines from the Verdelho, Arinto, and Terrantez grapes. They must be a min 16% abv and be aged min 3 years in barrel.

*Graciosa DOP produces unfortified, dry white wine.

This IGP encompasses both of the inhabited isles of the subtropical Madeira archipelago: Madeira and Porto Santo.

There are 2 DOP zones:

MADEIRA (Fortified)

MADEIRENSE (Unfortified)

The 335 best vineyards as classified by the Douro Wine Co between 1758-1761.

These were often marked by stones and reserved for Port's destined for the English market.

Established in 1937 to revamp the Portuguese wine industry and consolidate small vineyards into a network of larger co-operatives.

Bical Tinto and Mortagua Preto

Alentejano IGP is known for which wine grape?

Maria Gomes in Barraida DOP

Which white grape is prominent in the Dao DOP?

 Lisboa IGP

Known for the Arinto grape.

Alvarinho in the north.

Loureiro elsewhere.

Pergola trellising system found in Vinho Verde.

The vines are trained high off the ground to avoid rot, easily happens due to humid climate.

Moncao e Melcago

What is special about the Vinhao grape and where can you find it being produced?

It is a teinturier grape often found in Vinho Verde DOP.

Marao and Montemuro

The EU removed the law that all port needed to be aged and shipped from Vila Nova de Gaia in 1986.

This allowed smaller quintas to produce and ship their own wines.

A dry red wine produced by Ferreira in 1952.

It is only produced in exceptional vintages and it inspired other Quintas to begin making dry wines within the Douro DOP.

Fruit originally sourced from Quinta do Vale Meao

LAW OF THREE.

A decree from the IVDP which restricts sales of port to 1/3 of a port house's total inventory annually.

Additionally, the IVDP guarantees label integrity, age designations, and passing a tasting panel to promote porto authenticity.

The maximum amount of wine that may be fortified within a given year.

The IVDP grants this to port houses and it is based on a matrix of 12 factors.

Soil and Climate

&

Agricultural

Name the 7 factors of Soil and Climate for the Beneficio Authorization

Location

Altitude

Slope of land

Bedrock

Rough matter

Exposure

Shelter

LASBRES

Yield

Vine stock

Planting density

Training system

Age

Which three factors can provide the highest scoring?

Location

Altitude

Vine stock

What are the total amount of points possible?

2,361

What are the grades of the vineyard classification score?

What are the max yields required for Porto wine?

Porto red - 55hl/ha

Porto white - 65hl/ha

What are Vinhos ao Alto?

Planting vines in vertical rows leading directly up the slopes.

Best for smaller parcels with moderate slopes. Easier for mechanical harvesting.

What are Patamares?

Wider terraces that can be navigated by tractor. Not best for smaller parcels.

What is a Lagares?

Low, open granite troughes traditionally used for foot crushing and fermenting grapes.

Some quintas still use these as you saw at Quinta do Bomfim and Quinta do Noval.

A traditional practice usually reserved for Single Quinta Vintage Ports.

When approximately 1/3 of the sugar content has been converted to alcohol.

What abv is the Aguardente?

77% abv

What abv is the wine fortified to?

19-22% abv

1:4

Croft in the late 2000's

What is the size of a Pipe in the Douro Valley?

What is the size of a Pipe in Vila Nova de Gaia?

620 Liters

What is the size of the Pipe used for shipping?

534.24 Liters

Quinta dos Malvedos

Cockburn's Single Quinta's

Quinta dos Canais

Quinta do Tua

Dow's Single Quintas

Quinta do Bomfim

Quinta da Senhora da Riberia

Warre's Single Quinta

Quinta da Cavadinha

Altano Single Quintas

Quinta da Canada

Quinta da Macieira

Croft Single Quinta

Quinta da Roeda

Taylor Fladgate Single Quintas

Quinta da Terra Feita

Quinta dos Vargellas

Symington Family Single Quinta

Quinta do Vesuvio

Quinta do Vesuvio Single Quinta

A Capella

Ramos Pinto Single Quintas

Quinta da Urtiga

Quinta do Bom Retiro

Quinta da Evramoira

Quinta do Noval Single Quinta

Quinta do Silval

Burmeister Single Quinta

Quinta Nova de Nossa Senhoro do Carmo

Kopke Single Quinta

Quinta do San Luiz

Sandeman's Single Quinta

Quinta do Vau

Quinta do Romaneira Single Quinta

Quinta das Liceiras

Martinez Single Quintas

Quinta da Chousa

Quinta da Eira Velha

Messia Single Quinta

Quinta do Chachao

Niepoort Single Quinta

Quinta do Passadouro

Ferreira Single Quintas

Quinta do Porto

Quinta do Seixo

Fonseca Single Quinta

Quinta do Panascal

Churchill Single Quintas

Quinta da Acqua Alta

Quinta da Gricha

Calem Single Quintas

Quinta do Foz

Quinta do Sagrado

Champalimaud Single Quinta

Quinta do Cotto

Van Zeller Family Single Quinta

Quinta do Roriz

Delaforce Single Quinta

Quinta da Corte

Weise & Krohn Single Quinta

Quinta do Retiro Novo

Name the subzone of the Beira Atlantico IGP and describe where it is located:

Terras do Sico, located just south of the Barraido DOP.

What grapes is the Barraida DOP known for?

Baga and Arinto.

Tavora-Varosa DOP is located within which IGP and what kind of wine do they specialize in?

Terras de Cister IGP

Sparkling wine production.

Name the DOP within Terras de Beira

Beira Interior DOP

Beira Castelo Rodrigo

Cova da Beira

Pinhel

BCP

True or False, Beira Interior DOP is known for their refreshing white wines?

False, Beira Interior DOP is located inland on the Spanish border where it is hotter.

Touriga Nacional and Aragonez (Tempranillo) prevail here.

What two rivers run through the Terras do Dao IGP?

Vouga

Mondego

What two DOP's are located within the Terras do Dao IGP?

Dao DOP

Lafoes DOP

How many and what are the subregions of the Dao DOP?

There are 7:

Serra da Estrela

Alva

Besteiros

Castendo

Silgueiros

Terras de Azurara

Terras de Senhorim

SABCSTT

Dao "Garrafeira" abv

11.5% abv

*Up only .5% from Dao normal at 11%

Dao "Reserva" aging requirements

Reds - 2 years

Whites - 6 months

Dao "Nobre" Red

Requirements

Min 15% Touriga Nacional

Max 85% Jaen, Rufete, Alfrocheiro, Aragonez

Min 3 years aging

Min 12% abv

Dao "Nobre" Whites

Requirements

Min 15% Encruzado

Max 85% Cercial, Bical, Malvasia Fina, Verdelho

Min 1 year aging

Min 11.5% abv

Dao "Nobre Reserva" Red

Min 42 months

Min 12.5% abv

Dao "Nobre Reserva" Whites

Min 1 year aging

Min 12% abv

Dao "Nobre Garrafeira" Reds

48 months with 18 months in bottle

Min 12.5% abv

Dao "Nobre Garrafeira" Whites

18 months with 9 in bottle

Min 12% abv

What is the main red grape of the Barraido DOP?

Min 50% Baga

What are the main soils of the Barraido DOP?

Barros - Clay where reds do well

Sandy soils are planted to white grapes: Maria Gomes and Arinto.

What are the requirements of Barraido Classico?

Min 12.5% abv and no international grapes allowed.

What is the normal abv for Barraido DOP?

11%

How many DOP's are found within the Lisboa IGP?

9

Encostas de Aire

Obidos

Lourinha

Torres Vedras

Alenquer

Arruda

Bucelas

Colares

Carcavelos

What is Lourinha known for?

Aguardente production

What is Obidos known for?

Sparkling wine

Alte Estramadura and Estramadura

What are the two soils of Colares?

Chao de Areia - sandy, no phyloxxera, for Ramisco

Chao de Rija - further inland, harder/stonier, for Castelao

Colares DOP grapes

Reds - Min 80% Ramsico

Whites - Min 80% Malvasia

Which DOP has been the most effected by the urban sprawl of Lisbon?

Carcavelos, only 25 hectares remain.

What are the grapes of Carcavelos DOP?

Reds - Min 75% Castelao and Preto Martinho

Whites - Blend of Arinto, Galego Dourado, Ratinho

How is winemaking different in Carcavelos?

After the wines are fermented dry, they are then fortified and sweetened with Vinho Abafado. They are then aged in barrel for a min 2 years and 6 months in bottle.

What is Vinho Abafado?

A partially fermented must preserved with alcohol.

The Peninsula de Setubal is defined by which two estuaries?

Tagus and Sado

The Peninsula de Setubal IGP has which two DOP's?

Palmela DOP

Setubal DOP

Describe the two distinct growing areas of the Palmela DOP?

Clay-limetone lower slopes of the Arrabida Mountains.

Low-lying, sandy plains that head east from the town of Palmela.

*The sandy plains are best for Castelao, which by law must make up 66.7% of the Palmela reds.

True or False, Palmela DOP is rather liberal with the kind of grapes used for production and the various styles permitted.

True.

CS, Chard, Semillon, Tannat, Merlot, SB, Syrah, are all allowed.

This DOP produces rosado, espumante, and licoroso wines along with red and white.

What Moscatel de Setubal one of the first demarcated DOP's in Portugal?

Yes. Demarcated in 1907.

Benefitted from the fame of Madeira. They too were often shipped to take on rancio characteristics.

What grape is used for Moscatel de Setubal White?

Muscat d'Alexandria

MIN 67%

What grape is used for Moscatel de Setubal red?

Muscat Roxo.

*AKA Muscat rose a petits grains

MIN 67%

What is the aging requirement of both styles of Moscatel de Setubal?

Min 5 years aging in large wooden casks.

Who is the most storied producer of Moscatel de Setubal?

JM da Fonseca

The Tejo IGP is home to which DOP?

Dotejo DOP

How many subzones are within the Dotejo DOP?

6

Coruche

Chamusca

Cartaxo

Santorem

Tomar

Almeirim

CCCSTA

What are the predominant grapes of the Dotejo DOP?

Castelao and Fernao Pires.

Whites outnumber reds.

Most wines are produced in bulk and are of basic quality.

What is the DOP of Alentejano IGP?

Alentejo DOP.

How many subzones are within the Alentejo DOP?

8

Moura

Granja-Amarelega

Evora

Vidigueira

Reguengos

Redondo

Borba

Portalegra

Portalegra.

It is located in the cooler, granitic slopes of the Sao Mameda Mountains in the northernmost sector of the DOP. The rest of the region is mostly victim to the arid, hot plains where wines can lack acidity and freshness.

Predominately red wines made from Trincadeira.

They are also known for the widespread plantations of Querqus Suber aka cork trees.

4

Lagos

Lagoa

Portimao

Tavira

What is unique about these 4 DOP's?

What are the main grapes of the Algarve IGP?

Reds - Castelao and Tinta Negra Mole

Whites - Arinto and Siria

What is important to remember about algarve IGP?

The climate and terroir is not suited for fine wine production. It is a better located for beachside resorts and tourism.

There are 9 islands but only 3 DOP's:

Pico DOP
Biscoitos DOP

Gracioso DOP

Pico DOP

Most regarded.

Fortified whites made from Verdelho, Arinto, and Terrantez.

What is the minimum abv for Pico DOP after fortification?

What are the aging requirements for Pico DOP?

What is the difference between Biscoitos DOP and Gracioso DOP?

Biscoitos produces fortified white wines just like Pico.

Gracioso DOP is for dry table wines.

White Pico and Gracioso DOP's are located on islands of the same name, the Biscoitos DOP is located on which island?

Terceira

Who produces Pera-Manco and where?

Cartuxo

Alentejo DOP

Who produces Batuta?

Niepoort

Who produces Chryseia?

Prats and Symington

Who produces Assobio?

Herdade do Esporão

Superior - Min 5 years

10yr

20yr

30yr

40yr

Reserva - 12-24 months

Extra Reserva - 24-36 months

Reserva Velha/Grande Reserva - Min 36 months prior to disgorgement