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| a group of individuals of the same species in a particular area; they rely on same resources, interact and interbreed |
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| the study of populations in relation to environment |
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| Sunlight&temperature, precipitation/water, soil/nutrients |
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| other living organisms;prey, competitors, predators, parasites, disease |
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| Population Density and how its measured. |
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| pattern of spacing; ways to measure, is to actually count, make transects or quadrants, tagging |
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| populations found in groups; packs |
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| Organisms in a population are equally spread apart; sea bird colonies |
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| is the maximum number of organisms that can be supported in a given habitat |
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| food, water, shelter, disease |
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| Density Independent Limits |
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| birth, death, immigration, emigration. |
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| Factors that affect growth and decline of populations; how they change overtime |
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| graphic representation of life table |
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| maximum growth rate below carrying capacity:early reproduction, short life span, high mortality rate, no parental care |
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| maximizes population size near carrying capacity: late reproduction, long life span, low mortality rate, extensive parental care |
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Sex ratio: how many females vs. males
generation time: at what age do females reproduce
age structure: how females at reproductive age in cohort |
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Definition
births-deaths, exponential model DN=riN/dt
N=#of individuals,
r=rate of growth,
ri=intrinsic rate,
t=time
d=rate of change
intrinsic rate=maximum rate of growth |
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Definition
characteristic of populations introduced to a new environment or rebounding from a catastrophe
j shaped curve
birth rate exceeds death rate: no limits |
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| non-native, out compete native species, reduce diversity: african honeyee, zebra mussel |
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| when population grows to maximum capacity, the birth rate equals the death rate, S shaped curve |
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| maximum population size that environment can support with no degradation of habitat |
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| bobcat and hair, they go together as one goes up the other goes up and vice versa |
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| Reproductive Strategy Tradeoffs |
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The cost of reproduction
increase reproduction may decrease survival; age at first reproduction, number of offspring, number of reproductive cycles per lifetime, size of offspring
natural selection favors a life history that maximizes lifetie reproductive success |
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