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Definition
| The act of pleading for or supporting a course of action on behalf of a person, group, or community. |
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Definition
| A principle that is complementary to nonmaleficence and requires that we "do good." We are limited by time, place, and talents in the amount of good we can do. We have general obligations to perform those actions that maintain or enhance the dignity of other persons whenever those actions do not place an undue burden on health care providers. Health care professionals have special obligations of _________ to clients. |
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Definition
| A brance of ethics that applies the knowlege and processes of ethics to the examination of ethical problems in health care. |
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Definition
| Moral standards that specify a profession's values, goals, and obligations. |
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Definition
| Maintains that abstract, universal principles are not an adequate basis for moral decision making. History, tradition, and concrete moral communities should be the basis of moral thinking and action. |
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Definition
| An approach wherby the right action is the one that produces the greatest amount of good or the least amount of evil in a given situation. |
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| An ethical theory that bases moral obligation on duty and claims that actions are obligatory irrespective of the good or bad consequences that they produce. Because humans are rational, they have absolute value. Therefore, persons should always be treated as ends in themselves and never only as means. |
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Definition
| Requires that there be a fair distribution of the benefits and burdens in society based on the needs and contributions of its members. This principle requires that consistent with the dignity and worth of its members and within the limits imposed by its resources, a society must determine a minimal level of goods and services to be available to its members. |
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Definition
| Making decisions within an orderly framework that considers context, ethical approaches, client values, and professional obligations. |
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Definition
| Puzzling moral problems in which a person, group, or community can envision morally justified reasons for both taking and not taking a certain course of action. |
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| Moral challenges facing the nursing profession. |
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| A branch of philosophy that includes both a body of knowledge about the moral life and a process of reflection for determining what persons ought to do or be, regarding this life. |
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| The belief in the morality of responsibility in relationships that emphasize connection and caring. |
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Definition
| Knowledge and critique of classical ethical theories developed by men and women; entails knowledge about the social, cultural, political, economic, environmental, and professional contexts that insidiously and overtly oppress women as individuals, or within a family, group, community, or society. |
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Definition
| Women and men who hold a worldview advocating economic, social, and political status for women that is equivalent to that of men. |
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Definition
| Uncomfortable state of self when one is unable to act ethically. |
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Definition
| Shared and generational societal norms about what constitutes right or wrong conduct. |
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Definition
| A principle, according to Hippocrates, that requires that we do no harm. It is impossible to avoid harm entirely, but this principle requires that health care professionals act according to the standards of due care and try to cause the least amount of harm possible. |
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Definition
| An approach to problem solving in bioethics that uses the principles of respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice as the basis for organization and analysis. |
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Definition
| Based on human dignity and respect for individuals and allows them to choose those actions and goals that fulfill their life plans unless those choices result in harm to another. |
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| An ethical theory based on the weighing of morally significant outcomes or consequences regarding the overall maximizing of good and minimizing of harm for the greatest number of people. |
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Definition
| Beliefs about the shared worth or importance of what is desired or esteemed within a society. |
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| Asks "What kind of person should I be?" and purports that people should be allowed to flourish as human beings. |
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Definition
| Acquired traits of character that dispose humans to act in accord with their natural good. |
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Definition
| The physical, biological, and physiological differences that exist and distinguish one racial group from another. |
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Definition
| Negotiation with clients to include aspects of their folk practices with the traditional health care system to implement essential treatment plans. |
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Definition
| An appreciation of and sensitivity to a client's values, beliefs, practies, lifestyle, and problem-solving strategies. |
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Definition
| When differences between cultures are ignored and persons act as though these differences do not exist. |
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Definition
| Advocating, mediating, negotiating, and intervening between the client's culture and the biomedical health care culture on behalf of clients. |
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Definition
| An interplay of factors that motivates persons to develop knowledge, skill, and the ability to care for others. |
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Definition
| A percieved threat that may arise from a misunderstanding of expectations between clients and nurses when neither is aware of their cultural differences. |
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Definition
| The nurse's intrinsic motication to provide culturally competent care. |
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Definition
| Interaction with a client related to all aspects of his or her life. |
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Definition
| The process of imposing one's values on others. |
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Definition
| The information necessary to provide nurses with an understanding of the organizational elements of cultures and to provide effective nursing care. |
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Term
| Cultural Nursing Assessment |
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Definition
| A systematic way to identify the beliefs, values, meanings, and behaviors of people while considering their history, life eperiences, and the social and physical environments in which they live. |
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Definition
| The use by clients of those aspects of their culture that promote healthy behaviors. |
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Definition
| Working with clients to make changes in health practices when the client's cultural behaviors are harmful or decrease their well-being. |
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Definition
| The feeling of helplessness, discomfort, and disorientation experienced by an individual attempting to understand or effectively adapt to another cultural group that differs in practices, values, and beliefs. It results from the anxiety caused by loosing familiar sights, sounds, and behaviors. |
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Definition
| The effective integration of cultural knowledge and awareness to meet the needs of clients. |
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Definition
| The learned ways of behaving that are communicated by one group to another to provide tested solutions to vital problems. |
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Definition
| The ability of individuals to control nature and to influence factors in the environment that affect them. |
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Definition
| Shared feelings of peoplehood among a group of individuals. |
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Definition
| Belief that one's own group or culture is superior to others. |
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Definition
| People who come into a new country in order to settle there. |
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Definition
| The use of body language or gestures to convey information that cannot or may not be indicated verbally. |
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Definition
| The emotional manifestation of deeply held beliefs about other groups; it involves negative attitudes. |
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Definition
| A biological designation whereby group members share distinguishing features (e.g., skin color, bone structure, genetic traits such as blood groupings). |
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Definition
| A form of prejudice that refers to the belief that persons who are born into particular groups are inferior in intelligence, morals, beauty, and self-worth. |
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Definition
| The way in which a cultural group structures itself around the family to carry out role functions. |
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Definition
| The physical distance between individuals during an interaction. |
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Definition
| The basis for ascribing certain beliefs and behaviors about a group to an individual without giving adequate attention to individual differences. |
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Definition
| Refers to the past, present, and future times, as well as to the duration of and period between events. Some cultures assign greater or lesser value to events that occurred in the past, occur in the present, or will occur in the future. |
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Definition
| The use of language in the form of words within a grammatical structure to express ideas and feelings and to describe objects. |
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Definition
| A set of actions undertaken on behalf of another while supporting the other's right to self-determination. Nurses may function as advocates for vulnerable populations by working for the passage and implementation of policies that will result in improved public health services for these populations. An example would be a nurse who serves on a local coalition for uninsured people and works toward development of a plan for sharing the provision of free or low-cost health care by local health care organizations and providers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Interchangeable term with care management. Used to describe a service given to clients that contains the following activities: screening, assessment, care planning, arranging for, and coordinating service delivery, monitoring, reassessment, evaluation, and discharge. _______________ is a process that enhances continuity and appropriateness of care. It is most often used with clients whose health problems are actually or potentially chronic and complex. |
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Term
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Definition
| Health services focusing on more than one health problem or concern. |
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Definition
| The additive effects of multiple risk factors. |
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Definition
| People who lack adequate resources that other people may take for granted. |
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Definition
| A sense of social isolation; a feeling of isolation from mainstream society. |
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Definition
| Income level for a certain family size that the federal government uses to define poverty. |
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Definition
| Refers to the wide variations in health services and health status among certain population groups. |
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Definition
| The combined human potential of the people living in a community. |
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Term
| Linguistically Appropriate Health Care |
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Definition
| Communicating health-related assessment and information in the recipient's primary language when possible and always in a language the recipient can understand. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lacking resources to meet basic living expenses for food, shelter, clothing, transportation, and medical care. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to withstand many forms of stress and deal with several problems simultaneously without developing health problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| The likelihood that some event or outcome will occur in a given time frame. |
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Definition
| Providing humane care and social supports for the most disadvantaged members of society. |
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Term
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Definition
| Results from the interaction of internal and external factors that cause a person to be susceptible to poor health. |
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Term
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Definition
| Those with increased risk of developing poor health outcomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Social and economic services provided, either directly or through referrals, in addition to available comprehensive health services. In this way, social and economic services that will help ensure the effectiveness of health services are "_________________" health services. |
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Term
| Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNE) |
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Definition
| Describes the full spectrum of munitions used to create a human-mae disaster. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occur after a disaster and can include exhaustion and an inability to adjust to postdisaster routines. |
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Term
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Definition
| A human-caused or natural event that causes destruction and devastation that cannot be alleviated without assistance. |
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Term
| Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMATs) |
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Definition
| Teams of specially trained civilian physicians, nurses, and other health care personnel who are sent to a disaster. |
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Term
| Emergency Support Functions (ESFs) |
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Definition
| The 15 functions used in a federally declared disaster. Each function is headed by a primary agency. |
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Term
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Definition
| Destruction or devastation caused by humans. |
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Term
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Definition
| Actions of measures to prevent a disaster from occuring or to reduce the severity of its effects. |
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Term
| National Response Framework (NRF) |
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Definition
| The successor to the national response plan. NRF presents the guiding principles to enable all response partners to prepare for ad provide a unified national response to diseases and emergencies. |
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Definition
| Destruction or devastation caused by natural events. |
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Definition
| Advance preparation to cope with a disaster. |
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Definition
| Strengthening a person, family, or community's resources to ensure that a disruption does not occur. |
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Definition
| The last stage in a disaster; when agencies join to restore the economic and civic life of the community. |
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Definition
| Organized actions to deal with a disaster. |
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Definition
| Process of separating casualties and allocating treatment based on the victim's potential for survival. |
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Term
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Definition
| Causative factor invading a susceptible host through an environment favorable to produce disease, such as a biological or chemical agent. |
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Term
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Definition
| Processes for ensuring that permitting requirements are met. |
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Term
| Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) |
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Definition
| A report that began in 1996 when Congress amended the Safe Drinking Water Act to add a provison that required all community water systems to deliver a brief annual water quality report to their customers. The CCR includes information on the water source, the levels of any detected containments, and compliance with drinking water rules, plus some educational material. The rationale for these reports is that consumers have a right to know what is in their drinking water. The reports help customers make informed choices that affect their health. |
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Definition
| Occurs when formal actions are taken to control environmental damage. Examples include fines or penalties, suspension of specific operations, or closure of the facility. |
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Term
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Definition
| All of those factors internal and external to the client that constitue the context in which the client lives and that influence and are influenced by the host and agent-hjost interactions; the sum of all external conditions affecting the life, development, and survival of an organism. |
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Term
| Environmental Epidemiology |
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Definition
| The study of the effect on human health of physical, chemical, and biological factors in the external environment. |
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Definition
| Equal protection from environmental hazards for individuals, groups, or communities regardless of race, ethnicity, or economic status. |
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Definition
| Norms that impose limits on the amount of pollutants or emissions produced. The Environmental Protection Agency establishes minimum standards, but states are allowed to be stricter. |
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Definition
| Infectious agent, host, and environment. |
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Definition
| The science that explains the strength of association between exposures and health effects in human populations. |
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Definition
| A living human or animal organism in which an infectious agent can exist under natural conditions. |
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Definition
| A measure of the breathable air inside a habitable structure or conveyance. a measure of the chemical, physical, or biological contaminants in indoor air. |
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Definition
| An organic form of mercury. Methyl mercury may be formed when inorganic mercury enters lakes and combines with bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| Periodic or continuous surveillance or testing to determine the level of compliance with statutory requirements and/or pollutant levels in various media or in humans, plants, and animals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Diffuse population source (i.e., without a single point of origin or not introduced into a receiving stream from a specific outliet). The pollutants may be carried off the land by storm water. |
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Term
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Definition
| The first step in the process of controlling pollution. A process by which the government places limits on the amount of pollution emitted into the air or water. |
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Term
| Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxins (PBTs) |
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Definition
| Highly toxic, long-lasting substances that can build up in the food chain to levels that are harmful to human health and cause environmental harm. These contaminants can be transported long distances and move readily from land to air and water. |
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Term
| Persistant Organic Pollutants (POPs) |
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Definition
| Toxic substances composed of organic chemical compounds and mixtures. |
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Definition
| Stationary location or fixed facility from which pollutants are discharged; any single identifiable source of pollution. |
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Definition
| The right of citizens to have direct access to information about issues of environmental concern such as information on the quality of drinking water, the use of food additives, and chemical use in the workplace and community. |
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Term
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Definition
| Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the risk posed to human health and/or the environment by the actual or potential presence and/or use of specific pollutants. |
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Term
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Definition
| The exchange of information about health or environmental risks among, for example, risk assessors and managers, the general public, news media, and interest group. |
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Term
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Definition
| The basic science that studies the health effects associated with chemical exposures. |
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