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| choice of evils” is a criminal defense whereby a defendant argues that she or he engaged in criminal conduct to prevent some greater evil. |
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| a legally recognized criminal defense in which the defendant is excused from criminal conduct because she or he was acting under the threat of immediate, serious bodily harm from another person and had no other possibility of escape. |
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Definition
| can be applied to any host of social issues or problems. Indeed, we can think in much the same way about contribution to environmental pollution and destruction, poverty in other countries, child labor practices, international and domestic terrorism, and all forms of person-on-person and property crime. |
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| refers to the study of values |
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| the study of artistic and creative value. |
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| the study of social value. |
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| the study of moral value. |
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| Pursued for their own sake; end-in-themselves. |
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| Valuable or good for what they can get us; means to an end. |
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| Abuse of discretion and authority, use of dishonesty as a tool, accepting bribes and payoffs, brutality and the use of excessive (or unnecessary) force, and perjury. |
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| stands “above” normative ethics in overseeing or evaluating the specific claims and arguments made by its normative counterpart. |
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| area within ethics that assesses specific moral issues (e.g., war, capital punishment, abortion.) |
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| Practical Ethical Questions |
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Definition
| those matters for which the answer is an action. |
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Term
| Theories of Doing or Action-Based Theories |
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Definition
| focus primarily on right conduct; that is, what actions we should undertake when given a choice of alternatives. |
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Term
| Theories of Being or Character-Based Theories |
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Definition
| focus primarily on character or virtue. |
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