Christopher Marlowe

The Shepherd wants his love to agree to marry him so that they may live happily in the country forever

Renaissance

AABB; 6 stanza

More superficial that Nymph poem—sees only physical beauty

Sir Walter Riley

The Nymph says over time beauty will fade and the shepherd will no longer love her.

Renaissance

AABB; 6 stanza

Beauty is temporary and true love is different from infatuation

Shakespeare

The young man is beautiful and temperate and will live on forever through Shakespeare’s works

Renaissance

Shakespearean Sonnet

Couplet—Summary

Not about friendship or personality; only focuses on physical beauty 

Shakespeare

When despising  life and wishing were someone else or dead he thinks of his young friend and the love he shows for him and he feels bad for wanting to change his position and ever wanting to be someone else

Renaissance

Shakespearean Sonnet

Couplet—Irony

Talks about hating life than switches to thankfulness for young man’s support

Shakespeare

Shakespeare is dying and reminds young man to enjoy him while he can.

Renaissance

Shakespearean Sonnet

Couplet—Irony

Life is like autumn, end of day, and dying fire but day and autumn are cycles and death is not—most like fire

Shakespeare

Love is not measured by beauty alone—but she is still beautiful

Doesn’t use exaggerated clichés

Renaissance

Shakespearean Sonnet

Couplet-Irony

Lists clichés that if taken literally would look really weird

Shakespeare

Love is timeless and will withstand anything and if it is not so than Shakespeare is not a writer and no man has ever loved.

Renaissance

Shakespearean Sonnet

Couplet—Summary

Ship being lead by a star

Love not love which alters when alteration finds

“Not Times Fool”

John Donne

Death does not kill people but chance, poison, and war and in the end it will not matter because we will find eternal life and in the end Death will die b/c there will be no one left to kill.

17^th Century Poetry

Petrarchian Sonnet

Donne not afraid of death—has it personified

 “And death shall be no more; Death, thou shalt die”

Split in poem meant to convey two different thoughts 

John Milton

Asks God why he has made him blind when he also asks him to use his only talent as a writer. Sestet, patience answers him saying God judges men differently and if he stands and waits he is doing God’s will—be patient

17^th Century

Petrarchian Sonnet

Patience is personified

Split in poem meant to convey a question and answer

Feels loss over blindness

Matthew’s parable about talents

“doth God exact day labor light denied?”

John Milton

Even though he hasn’t achieved anything yet and is anxious to do so, he trusts in God that he will become everything he is meant to be

17^th Century

Petrarchian

Winged chariot—time

Time is subtle thief—youth ending late spring

God decides to give talent now or later—God=Taskmaster

"To Althea, From Prison"

Richard Lovelace

No one can imprison the mind and free thought and even though Lovelace is imprisoned physically he can still dream and think freely

17^th Century

4 Stanza ABAB 8 lines each

Makes comparisons—Birds in air, fish in sea, singing birds and hermits, angels in heaven—freer than all and as free as angels

Andrew Marvell

Concludes that since they do not have all the time in the world they should move quickly while they’re love is still passionate. He says that since they cannot stop time and the  days from passing they should occupy themselves to make it go faster

17^th Century

4 Stanza

“Had we world enough and time”

Winged chariot--time

1^st stanza—complement her (would worship), 2^nd scare her (beauty go away); 3^rd propose a plan to be together

Personifies time and uses metaphors

Richard Lovelace

He would be a less honorable man if he didn’t fight in war and would not be able to love her as much as she deserves if he was not first honorable

17^th Century

3 stanza ABAB

Sounds like dialogue—not unkind, no other woman (only foe in battle) will not be able to love her if he didn’t love honor more

Robert Herrick

Girls do not have forever to be young and instead of being coy they should hurry and marry before it is too late.

17^th Century

4 Stanza ABAB

“gather ye rosebuds while ye may”

“age is best which is the first”

“lost prime may forever tarry”—when no one wants you, you can be coy forever

Alexander Pope

Although Man has the ability to reason they remain the riddle of life because they are unsure if they are God or beast and will waste life studying and will never know everything—the more you learn the less you know

Neoclassical

18 lines AABB

Rhymed couplets

Each line balanced

Well organized

Neoclassical: believes Human has the power to reason—“presume not God to scan”—straightforward, balanced, logical and rational; logical progression of thought

Different: People should not waste time studying because it will be proved wrong,.

Believed that people will be ignorant no matter what

Alex Pope

Upper class pulls trivial things outa proportion and wished to poke fun at it. Also wanted to resolved problem

Neoclassical

Mock Epic

Card game- battle     John Carrol is muse

Getting ready for battle ; Boat to party—voyage; lock goes up to heavens

William Wordsworth

City complements nature rather than clashes with it and, in the morning before anyone is awake they are one

Romanticism

Petrarchian Sonnet

Personification: London=heart

“Dull would he be of soul who could pass by A sight so touching in its majesty”

City and nature make eachothr more pretty

William Wordsworth

No longer is he lonely because he can recall the image of the daffodils and they fill him with joy and allow him to write poetry

Romanticism

4 stanza 6 lines each

At first lonely—sees daffodils who are so happy—recalls them when alone and is pensive now—ends alone but not lonely

William Wordsworth

Lucy did not die but became one with nature and can be felt through it.

Romanticism

16 stanza; 4 lines each

Innocent child who listened to parents

Went out in snowstorm and only left footprints behind on bridge—became one with nature

William Wordsworth

Of all the places he has travelled he longs to return to England to be physically close to Lucy’s grave.

Romanticism

4 stanza 4 line each

Travelled many places but always longs to return to Lucy

Last place she played and was seen—part of nature

William Wordsworth

Although she seemed untouched by time, Lucy is now buried

Romanticism

2 stanzas 4 lines each

“rocks, stones, trees” emphasis on inanimate objects; close w. nature

William Wordsworth

Nature can inspire and provoke unexpected emotions. While the title says that the feelings he had are “strange,” they are quite common and understandable by all lovers

Romanticism

7 stanzas 4 lines each

Traveling to visit love and watches moon

Begins to wonder if she has died and freaks out—strange but understandable for lovers

Loved her very much

William Wordsworth

Lucy was beautiful and alone in nature and when she died no one noticed but him b/c he loved her.

Romanticism

3 stanza 4 lines each

Mourns her loss “violet by a mossy stone”

Close to nature—emphasis simplicity

George Gordon Byron

The world will end when nature becomes unbound obliterating the differences among all thins on Earth. Darkness in people leads to end of world and is more fearful than the darkness outside.

Romanticism

Long, continuous, one long thought—many commas not many periods

Dog is only one faithful—2 enemies die from similar ugliness—what darkness has made them become; chaos—killing everything—longing for light: contrast to neoclassicism—people can’t save themselves. Chain of events

George Gordon Byron

The author is describing a woman who has opposites of dark and light in perfect proportions in her outer appearance and inner character, emphasizing that her internal peace is reflected in her perfect face

Romanticism

3 stanzas 6 lines each

Perfect inside and out

Beauty inside reflects beauty outside

Is innocent and sweet—genuinely good person

George Gordon Byron

On his 33^rd b-day Byron realizes that he not achieved anything out of his life yet

Romanticism

4 lines

Blames all but himself—why life hasn’t given him opportunity; dissatisfied with life

George Gordon Byron

Although he wants to love and be loved he realizes it is more important to be a faithful soldier to Greece. He believes the honor of giving his life to his country is greater than his yearn to love.

Romanticism

10 stanzas 4 lines each

Still wants something more outa life but found a purpose

Wants love but realizes that fighting for a cause is as important if not more

Realizes its his fault for having nothing to show for life

Percy Shelley

The Pharaoh’s pride and belief that he is best is pointless because now nothing is left

Romanticism

Petrarchian Sonnet

About Ramses—king of kings

All that’s left is legs and an arrogant face

Irony—doesn’t matter anymore

Percy Shelley

Nothing remains the same except for that fact that all things change

Romanticism

4 stanza 4 lines each

Every day is a new start; “we are as clouds that veil the midnight moon” emotions and ideas change quickly—rapid movement of time

Percy Shelley

He wants to become wind so that he can spread his dead ideas throughout the world powerfully to help man kind

Romanticism

4 Cantos 5 stanzas each 3 lines per stanza--Ode

Connectedness of life and death—destroys and preserves

Uncontrollable—spreads everything

Clouds are pushed around by it

John Keats

Autumn is a season full of life

Romanticism

3 stanzas 11 lines each--Ode

Not an allusion to his death

Opposite belief of many writers—life not death—wish to freeze time

Addressing Autumn—uses senses

John Keats

The value of love, fame, or some other desire we yearn for in life is not as great as we think because when we die, we, along with these “achievements” will cease to exist

Romanticism

Shakespearean Sonnet

Overwhelming fear of ceasing to be not just dying—

Couplet—ironic twist

Focus on love and fame and how it no longer will matter

John Keats

The urn will remain unchanging throughout time to teach man that beauty is truth and can be found in everything

Romanticism

Ode 5 stanzas

I mage of piper and woman about to kiss; image of cow being sacrificed

Stops right before kiss to emphasize freezing time

John Keats

The knight becomes absorbed in the enchanted love and he can never go back to reality after being in this fantasy love affair. Basically his whole life fell apart—waits for her to return although she never will.

Romanticism

12 stanzas 4 lines each

Love based on infatuation will lead to sorrow

Has dream of other men the woman has loved and how they ended up—she cries because she loves him like she loved them all but she is without mercy and will continue to love more men

William Wordsworth

Beautiful woman is alone in nature farming and singing. Her song stays with him long after he leaves because it is so beautiful

Romanticism

4 stanzas 8 lines each

Close to nature

Song remains with Wordsworth and wishes to know her better

Samuel Coleridge

Love all creatures because God created them and loves them too

Romanticism

Five parts rhymed stanzas

Kills albatross and must wear it around his neck; has power to find people, speak languages, need to tell story (throbbing pain) can read minds

Thomas Gray

Whether for good or bad peasants do not have the same opportunities as the rich and should not be criticized or looked down upon for their simple life styles

Romanticism

32 stanzas 4 lines each

Opportunities can make people bad or good but poor don’t have them—shouldn’t be looked down upon by upper class