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| comparing things with using words i.e. "like," "as" |
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| comparing things without using words i.e. "like," "as" |
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giving human qualities to non-human things, i.e. animals, objects, ideas, experiences
ex: "The trees of the wood bowed and wept bitter tears." |
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| repetition of the same consonant sound, usually at the beginning of the word |
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| repetition of the same vowel sound |
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| use of words that in themselves sound like what they are describing, i.e. "meow, boom, buzz, stutter" |
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| creating vivid mental pictures that touch emotions and senses |
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| image(s) representing idea or belief |
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| exaggeration, overstatement |
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| speaking of an unpleasant/bad thing using pleasing terms, i.e. death = "happy dispatch," lying = "wonderful imagination" |
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gradual ascent to a stronger and stronger form of expression
"He smiled, he laughed, he roared!" |
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speaking of a thing by the name of some other thing closely connected with it
"The pen is mightier than the sword"
"The kettle boils" (the water is actually boiling, not the kettle) |
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indicating whole thing by one of its constituent parts
"Many HANDS make light work" (people)
"My bed under the STARS" (heavens) |
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absent one/the dead addressed as if they were present/living
(2nd -> form of personification) |
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the setting of one thing against another (as contrast in emphatic way) -> parts of speech must match.
"Deeds show what we are; words what we should be." |
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negative expression used to express strong affirmative of the opposite kind.
"He is no fool." (a wise man) |
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a statement put in the form of a question to make the statement more emphatic, not to get an answer
i.e. "Is the Pope Catholic?" |
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pair of ordinarily contradictory words
i.e. "jumbo shrimp, unwilling volunteer, cheerful pessimist" |
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| repeating of key word, phrase, or line for emphasis |
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| long narrative poem about traditional/historical hero(es) of high importance |
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| story told in song; generally using quatrains, simple language, refrain |
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poem wherein poet expresses his/her thoughts or feelings
vivid imagery intimately dealing with common human experiences |
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| poem - theme deals w/ death of someone/something beloved or death in general |
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| poem - praising someone/something |
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| 14-line poem w/ fixed rhyme and metre (combination of unstressed and stressed syllables in fixed pattern) |
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| poem more interested in depicting a scene than poet's own emotions |
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| includes comedies, tragedies (downfall of individual from most certain success to suffering/death) |
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| examples are limericks, haikus |
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| flexible type of poetry, without regular rhythm, rhyme scheme, meter, specific # of lines/line length. is pleasing in rhythm or organization, can be capitalized & punctuated in any way, often concerned w/ mood or imagery. |
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| poem that takes the physical shape of a drawing (shape poem) in how it is presented |
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combination of stressed + unstressed syllables constituting recurrent rhythmic unit of a line
meter = term telling number of feet on a line and the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables (i.e. iambic pentameter) |
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| type of foot with unstressed syllable followed by stressed syllable |
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| type of foot with stressed syllable followed by unstressed syllable |
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| five iambic feet on a line |
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| four iambic feet on a line |
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| three iambic feet on a line |
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| four trochaic feet on a line |
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lines using iambic pentameter, but no rhyme
- closest to natural rhythm of English speech, more frequently used than any other type of verse (i.e. most of Shakespeare's plays) |
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| all of the emotions/associations a word/phrase carries |
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| literal/"dictionary' meaning of a word |
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| brief reference, explicit or indirect, to a person/place/event/other literary work |
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saying the opposite of what we mean
dramatic: audience aware of something character is not (yet) aware of
situational: opposite happens to what was originally expected
verbal: mean the opposite of what is said |
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| deliberate placing of situations, ideas, events, characters, settings side-by-side to clarify meaning, purpose, character or point of view |
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apparently untrue or self-contradictory statement (saying two opposite things) that proves true when examined in another light
i.e. When my love swears she is made of truth/I do believe her, though I know she lies. -Shakespeare |
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| narrative with second meaning beneath the surface; characters, actions, settings represent abstract ideas/moral qualities |
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