Term
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Definition
closed injury
brain compressed by skull
skull intact
result of blow to head
causes temporary ischemia (starved of blood) |
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Term
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Definition
more serous than concussion
gross structural injury to brain
may cause permanent brain damage
temp amnesia
bruising seen on ct scan |
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Term
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Definition
bleeding within the skull
accumulation of blood forms expanding lesion |
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Term
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Definition
GCS 13-15
PTA 0 or minutes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| brain injury location corresponds to where the head was struck directly |
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Term
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Definition
| force sends brain to opposite side of skull, where injury occurs |
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Term
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Definition
bruise
LOC deteriorates
signs vary with type and severity of bleeding |
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Term
| epidural (cerebral hematoma) |
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Definition
arterial bleed
accumulates faster
above dural membrane |
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Term
| subdural (cerebral hematoma) |
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Definition
venous bleed
gradual
under dural membrane |
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Term
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Definition
total can be 3-15
15 is most alert/responsive |
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Term
| 3 classifications of spinal cord injury |
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Definition
open/closed(meninges intact or severed)
location
extent (complete or incomplete) |
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Term
| open/closed spinal cord injury |
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Definition
| whether meninges are severed or intact |
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Term
| extent of spinal cord injury |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
c1 atlas
c2 axis
c3
c4
c5
c6
c7 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| S1-S5, fuse together in adulthood |
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Term
| extent of spinal cord injury (scale) |
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Definition
A complete - no motor, no sensory
B Incomplete - sensory, no motor
C Incomplete - weak motor, no sensory
D Incomplete - partial motor
E Normal - motor and sensory intact |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
some arm and wrist movement
breathing ok
sensation in arms intact |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
lasts 1 week - several months
spinal cord loses reflex and sympathetic activity
causes spastic, involuntary movements |
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Term
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Definition
injury T6 or above
can occur suddenly
slow HR, BP up, headache,vasoconstriction below injury, vasodilation above
if not treated can cause stroke, seizure, death |
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Term
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Definition
| body temp becomes temp of environment |
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Term
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Definition
| paralysis of smooth muscles of intestine |
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Term
| common complications in SCI |
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Definition
pneumonia
blood clots
spasms
autonomic dysreflexia
bowel and bladder problems
pain - burning
pressure sores
reproductive/sexual dyfunction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| comminuted skull fracture |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
base of skull
-can cause leakage of CSF (test for glucose in fluid if leaking)
-raccoon eyes and battle sign |
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Term
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Definition
| alteration or lack of neurotransmitters in the brain |
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Term
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Definition
chronically sad mood for most of the day, more days than not, for at least 2 years
-does not affect social and occupational function significantly |
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Term
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Definition
neurotransmitter for
maintaining arousal and
regulation of mood |
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Term
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Definition
neurotransmitter that controls
mood
sensory perception |
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Term
|
Definition
| blocks reuptake of neurotransmitters a presynaptic junction |
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Term
| monoamine oxidase inhibitor |
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Definition
MAOI
inhibits norepinephrine breakdown
many side effects |
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Term
|
Definition
selective seratonin reuptake inhibitor
acts specifically on seratonin |
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Term
| nursing intervention for depression |
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Definition
-daily exercise
-adequate nutrition
-relaxation measures
-realistic goals for change
-encourage pos self talk
-evaluate lethality if suicide thoughts
-teach about meds |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what type of disorder is MS? |
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Definition
neuromuscular
progressive
no cure
no known cause
autoimmune |
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Term
| When do MS symptoms appear? When is it usually diagnosed? |
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Definition
When do MS symptoms appear? teens to 20s When is it usually diagnosed? 20 - 40 |
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Term
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Definition
relapsing remitting: 85% of cases acute attacks followed by full recovery primary progressive: 10-20% of cases progress from onset with no plateaus or remissions
secondary progressive: begins as relapsing remitting followed by increase of relapse rate progressive relapsing : progressive from onset with acute relapses |
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Term
| What decreases the frequency and severity of MS? |
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Definition
meds (methylprednisone decreases inflammation) meds to decrease muscle spasicity antibiotics to tx or prevent infection deep brain stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
group of motor disorders caused by dysfunction of various motor centres in the brain congenital or acquired |
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Term
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Definition
Spastic: most common damage to cerebral cortex spasms with movement Athetoid: less common damaged basal ganglia result of blood type incompatability constant involuntary writhing Ataxic : least common disturbed balance/coordination (intention tremor) damaged cerebellum poor muscle tone |
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Term
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Definition
seizures feeding problems developmental delays abnormal muscle tone and coordination impaired cognition |
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Term
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Definition
growth deficiency mental and CNS impairments facial dysmorphology |
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Term
| maternal and fetal blood alcohol levels are |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
one part of a group of "pervasive mental disorders" characterized by lack of social response gross language deficits cognitive impairment |
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Term
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Definition
social - isolation, like sameness, unyielding to cuddling/holding, do not show attachment, repetitive behaviors developmental - cognitively challenged, may have good gross motor skill, may have exceptional abilities, poor suck reflex/feeding language - parrot speech, using You for I sensory - deficits, act deaf but sensitive to sound, aversion to touch, hypo or hyper sensitive to pain |
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Term
| Down Syndrome - what is it? |
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Definition
chromosomal abnormality 47 chromosomes in each cell, not 46 Trisomy 21 - 3* #21 chromosom, happens early in cell division mosaicism - occurs later, affects fewer cells, less severe translocation - a piece of chromosome detaches and attaches to another chromosome |
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Term
| how is down syndrome diagnosed? |
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Definition
prenatal screening: triple test (detects 3 hormones) amnio and chorionic villus sampling ultrasound |
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