Term
| List the uses of adrenergic drugs |
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Definition
| Hypovolemic & septic shock; severe hypotension; allergic reactions; ventricular arrhythmias; control of superficial bleeding (during surgical & dental procedures of the mouth, nose, throat, & skin); nasal congestion & glaucoma; cardiac decompensation & arrest; temporary tx of heart block; respiratory distress |
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Term
| How are adrenergic drugs used topically & as vasopressors & bronchodilators? |
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Definition
| Topically - to treat glaucoma; vasopressors - to raise BP; bronchodilators - to treat respiratory problems |
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Term
| Which adrenergic agent may increase tremor & rigidity in older adults with Parkinson’s disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are common adverse reactions of adrenergic drugs? |
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Definition
| Cardiac arrhythmias (Bradycardia & tachycardia); HA; N/V; increased BP that may reach extremely dangerous levels |
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Term
| Which position causes severe HTN in pts taking the adrenergic drug Midodrine? |
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Definition
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Term
| How often should BP be monitored in a pt receiving less potent vasopressors such as Metaraminol? |
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Definition
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Term
| A progressive rise in BP when taking adrenergic drugs is serious. What would indicate to the nurse that pts BP levels should be reported immediately? |
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Definition
| If systolic BP falls below 100 mmHg or any decrease of 20 mmHg or more from pts normal BP |
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Term
| Are adrenergic drugs used for temporary treatment or permanent treatment of heart block? |
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Definition
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Term
| The administration of a vasopressor is required for the pt with marked _____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the uses of Beta Blockers? |
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Definition
| HTN; cardiac arrhythmias; migraine HA; HF; angina; glaucoma; to prevent re-infarction in pts with MI |
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Term
| How soon should a beta-blocker be given to help prevent re-infarction in pts with MI? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does shock result in? |
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Definition
| Inefficient tissue perfusion |
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Term
| What are the adverse reactions of beta-blockers? |
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Definition
| Orthostatic hypotension, Bradycardia, dizziness, vertigo, HA; hyperglycemia, N/V/D; dyspnea, weight gain, peripheral edema; bronchospasm |
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Term
| What is the beta-blocking drug, Coreg used for? |
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Definition
| Tx of essential HTN in HF to reduce the progression of the disease |
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Term
| Which 2 vital signs should the nurse obtain from a pt before giving Inderal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should the nurse do concerning a beta-blocking drug if the pts pulse falls below 60bpm, his HR become irregular, or his systolic BP falls below 90? |
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Definition
| Withhold the drug & call primary HCP |
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Term
| Which category of cardiac drugs is used to treat damage caused by extravasation of dopamine? |
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Definition
| Alpha-adrenergic blocking drugs |
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Term
| What are the drugs Betaxolol (Betoptic) & Timolol (Timoptic) used to treat? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does blocking the nerve impulses of beta-adrenergic drugs cause? |
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Definition
| Decreased HR & dilated BV |
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Term
| What results from blocking the stimulation of both the alpha & beta-adrenergic receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Anti-adrenergic drugs are used cautiously in pts with…. |
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Definition
| History of liver or renal impairment; during lactation & pregnancy |
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Term
| What are cholinergic drugs used to treat? |
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Definition
| Urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, & glaucoma |
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Term
| What is the antidote for an OD of cholinergic drugs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Voiding should occur __ - __ minutes after SQ administration of a cholinergic drg |
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Definition
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Term
| Voiding should occur __ - __ minutes after PO administration of a cholinergic drug |
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Definition
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Term
| Which form on cholinergic drugs is preferred for pts with myasthenia gravis? Why? |
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Definition
| SR; less frequent dosing & this helps pt to have longer undisturbed periods during the night |
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Term
| What are the S/S of an overdose of cholinergic drugs when used for myasthenia gravis? |
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Definition
| Muscle rigidity & spasm, salivation, clenching of jaw |
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Term
| What are the S/S of an underdose of cholinergic drugs when used for myasthenia gravis? |
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Definition
| Signs of the disease itself |
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Term
| Concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs ____________ the effects of cholinergic drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the disease that involves rapid fatigue of skeletal muscles because of the lack of Ach released at the nerve endings of parasympathetic nerves? |
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Definition
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Term
| There is a greater risk of ________ when the cholinergic drugs are administered with other cholinergic drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| (True or False) tx of glaucoma with a cholinergic drug produces mitosis |
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Definition
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Term
| (True or False) tx of urinary retention with cholinergic drugs caused reduction in the amount of urine |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the action of anticholinergics? |
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Definition
| To stop the activity of Ach so that the impulse cannot pass to the effector organ or structure |
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Term
| In which type of pts are anticholinergics contraindicated? |
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Definition
| Pts with hypersensitivity to drugs or with glaucoma |
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Term
| Anticholinergic drugs are contradicted in…. |
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Definition
| Pts with myasthenia gravis, tachyarrhythmia, MI, or CHF |
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Term
| Anticholinergic drugs should be used cautiously in pts with…. |
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Definition
| GI infections, urinary retention, hypothyroidism, hepatic or renal disease, BPH, HTN |
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Term
| Use atropine with caution in pts with ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| What should be closely monitored in elderly pts taking anticholinergic drugs? |
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Definition
| Excitement, agitation, mental confusion, drowsiness, & urinary retention |
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Term
| What is the primary use of anticholinergic drugs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 2 main adverse reactions of anticholinergic drugs? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is it okay to use anticholinergic drugs in pregnant women? |
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Definition
| When the benefit to the woman outweighs the risk of the fetus |
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Term
| Which type of immunity involves the use of agents that stimulate antibody formation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of immunity consists of an injection of ready-made antibodies found in serum of immune individuals or animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of immunity occurs when a person is exposed to a disease or experiences a disease? |
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Definition
| Naturally acquired active immunity |
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Term
| Which type of immunity occurs when an individual is given a killed or weakened agent (vaccine), which stimulates the formation of antibodies to provide future immunity to the disease? |
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Definition
| Artificially acquired active immunity |
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Term
| Which type of immunity requires periodic booster injections? |
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Definition
| Artificially acquired active immunity |
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Term
| What is a booster injection? |
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Definition
| An additional dose of a vaccine given to boost the production of antibodies to a level that will maintain desired immunity |
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Term
| Which type of immunity is obtained from administration of immune globulins or antivenins? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A poisonous substance produced by some sort of bacteria |
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Term
| Why are vaccines & toxoids administered? |
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Definition
| To stimulate the body’s immune response to specific antigens or toxins |
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Term
| When must toxoids & vaccines be administered to a pt in order for them to be effective? |
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Definition
| Before exposure to the disease causing organism |
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Term
| Antivenins need to be given within __ hours to yield the most effective response |
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Definition
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Term
| Why should a pt with an immunologic deficiency not receive a vaccine? |
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Definition
| Because the virus is transmissible to the individual |
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Term
| When are immunizations postponed? |
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Definition
| Administration of steroids, radiation therapy, & antineoplastic (anticancer) drug therapy |
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Term
| Which types of virus vaccines should not be given to a pregnant woman? |
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Definition
| Vaccines against measles, rubella, & mumps |
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Term
| Salicylates administered with the varicella vaccination increase the risk for _______ ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Pt should stay for observation for about __ minutes after injection to observe for signs of hypersensitivity |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some signs of hypersensitivity? |
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Definition
| Laryngeal edema, hives, pruritus, angioneurotic edema, & severe dyspnea |
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Term
| Which arm should be used when giving a vaccine to a pt? Why? |
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Definition
| Dominant arm; to help with the absorption of the injection |
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Term
| Treat local irritation at the injection site with…. |
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Definition
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Term
| A _______ is normal at injection site for DPT |
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Definition
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Term
| Those traveling to a foreign country need to get any immunizations __ - __ weeks before departure |
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Definition
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