Term
| What is the major difference between an MRI & a CT |
|
Definition
| No radiation is used in an MRI |
|
|
Term
| In which dx test would you assess the pt for any metal objects on/in him |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is it acceptable for a pt with a pacemaker to have an MRI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should you tell the pt to do concerning his bladder prior to an MRI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should you tell a pt who is being sedated during an MRI |
|
Definition
| Make sure you have someone to drive you home after the procedure |
|
|
Term
| What must pt remove before having an MRI |
|
Definition
| All jewelry, hearing aids, hairpins, dentures, & anything that may contain metallic fragments & metal objects |
|
|
Term
| How will the staff communicate with a pt undergoing an MRI |
|
Definition
| Via intercom from another room |
|
|
Term
| What must pt sign before having an MRI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of dx test produces a narrow x-ray beam that examines the body sections all the way around |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What would you instruct a pt to do prior to a CT |
|
Definition
| Remain NPO for 4 hours before CT |
|
|
Term
| What should you tell pt he might be asked to do during his CT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the nurse need to assess before a CT |
|
Definition
| Obtain history of allergies -- especially to contrast die & iodine |
|
|
Term
| What is known as direct visualization of the joint & its capsule using an instrument inserted into the joint space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should the nurse assess frequently in a pt that has received an arthroscopy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some nursing interventions r/t an arthroscopy |
|
Definition
| Monitor for complications 2. Apply ice & elevation to minimize swelling if ordered by MD |
|
|
Term
| What is the term used to describe the withdrawal of synovial fluid from a joint space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an Arthrocentesis primarily used for |
|
Definition
| The analysis of the synovial fluid or for reduction of excess fluid pressure |
|
|
Term
| What should the nurse monitor for when a pt undergoes an Arthrocentesis |
|
Definition
| Infection, inflammation & Hemarthrosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Needle aspiration or surgical extraction of bone or muscle tissue |
|
|
Term
| What should the nurse monitor when caring for a pt who has undergone a bone biopsy |
|
Definition
| Site of biopsy for bleeding |
|
|
Term
| What nursing actions are important when caring for a pt who has had a bone biopsy |
|
Definition
| Provide normal wound care for open biopsy & perform neurovascular assessments PRN |
|
|
Term
| A pt has undergone a bone biopsy. After his procedure, you administer pain meds. You assess the pt a little while later & he reports that his pain has not changed. What could this indicate |
|
Definition
| Bleeding into the soft tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A visualization of bone or soft tissue using sound waves |
|
|
Term
| What should the nurse tell pt prior to an ultrasound |
|
Definition
| Inform pt that the jellylike conducting substance will feel cold when applied |
|
|
Term
| What is the dx test done to measure the amt of RBCs that settle in unclotted blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is ESR used to diagnose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why might ESR levels be elevated |
|
Definition
| Due to clinical problems & drugs such as inflammatory response & systemic inflammation |
|
|
Term
| What is the bone matrix made up of |
|
Definition
| Calcium, Phosphorus, & protein |
|
|
Term
| What is vitamin D used for |
|
Definition
| The absorption of calcium & phosphorus from food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To increase the removal of calcium & phosphorus from bones |
|
|
Term
| Which gland releases Calcitonin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the role of calcitonin |
|
Definition
| To promote the retention of calcium in adult bones |
|
|
Term
| What gets released when nerve impulses arrive at the neuromuscular junction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does acetylcholine bind to |
|
Definition
| Receptors on the sarcolemma |
|
|
Term
| What happens once acetylcholine binds to the receptors |
|
Definition
| An electrical impulse is generated & muscle fibers begin to shorten which causes the muscle to contract |
|
|
Term
| What is the normal value for calcium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal level for phosphorus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal male value for alkaline phosphate (ALP) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal female value for alkaline phosphate (ALP) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal value for myoglobin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal male value for uric acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal female value for uric acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to calcium & phosphorus levels in a thyroid or parathyroid gland disorder |
|
Definition
| Levels will change (if one goes up the other will go down) |
|
|
Term
| What happens to ALP levels when a bone is damaged or has an abnormality |
|
Definition
| Levels increase if damaged |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the muscle enzyme levels when muscle is damaged |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Grating sound as a joint moves |
|
|
Term
| Should you instruct a pt who is experiencing crepitation to exercise |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What occurs when a muscle or tendon is excessively stretched |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excessive stretching of ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ends of the bones (joints) are forced from their normal position |
|
|
Term
| What connects bone to bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What connects muscle to bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the bone (especially in the marrow) |
|
|
Term
| What causes osteomyelitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can osteomyelitis be prevented |
|
Definition
| Ensure that sterile technique is used for dressing changes, teach pt this for at home care, & hand washing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Easy sliding as the joint moves |
|
|
Term
| What is the term used to describe the inflammation of fluid filled sacs that cushion tendons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term used to describe swollen synovial tissue within the joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is avascular necrosis |
|
Definition
| A condition in which bone tissue dies as a result of impaired blood supply |
|
|
Term
| What does the acronym RICE mean |
|
Definition
| Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation |
|
|
Term
| What is known as a very serious & potentially fatal condition associated with muscle destruction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What could Rhabdomyolysis be due to |
|
Definition
| Injury, high fever, convulsions, or prolonged muscle compression |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of something that could cause prolonged muscle compression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What occurs during muscle dystrophy |
|
Definition
| Skeletal muscle fibers degenerate & atrophy & are replaced by CT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An autoimmune response in which inflammation develops into fibrosis & sclerosis of tissues |
|
|
Term
| What are the main S/S of muscular dystrophy |
|
Definition
| Frequent falls & developmental delays |
|
|
Term
| What are the main S/S of scleroderma |
|
Definition
| Arthritis, fatigue, & pitting edema in upper extremities |
|
|
Term
| What is an autoimmune disease where the body attacks itself with abnormal antibodies that form immune complexes that lodge in the blood & organs & affects the body’s CT |
|
Definition
| Systemic lupus Erythematosus |
|
|
Term
| What are some things that can trigger exacerbations in a pt with systemic lupus Erythematosus |
|
Definition
| Infections, stress, UV light, hormone levels & some drugs |
|
|
Term
| Which dx tests are used to diagnose a pt with systemic lupus Erythematosus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A build up of uric acid that causes severe pain attacks & inflammation in one or more small joint (big toe) |
|
|
Term
| What are S/S of acute gout |
|
Definition
| Swollen, red, hot painful joints |
|
|
Term
| What are S/S of chronic gout |
|
Definition
| Urate deposits under the skin & renal stones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition in which there is a reduction in the mass of bone per unit volume |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| More bone cells being reabsorbed than deposited |
|
|
Term
| What are S/S of osteoporosis |
|
Definition
| Dowager’s hump, kyphosis, height decreases, back pain, & fractures |
|
|
Term
| What dx test is done to detect osteoporosis |
|
Definition
| Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (non-invasive) |
|
|
Term
| Which races are more likely to be affected by osteoporosis |
|
Definition
| Caucasian, Asian, Hispanic, & Latino |
|
|
Term
| What age group of women does osteoporosis mainly affect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some risk factors r/t osteoporosis |
|
Definition
| Family history, sedentary lifestyles, decreased calcium intake, lack of vitamin D, excessive ETOH use, cigarette smoking, excessive caffeine intake, & petite body build |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A bone condition that affects the way your bones break down & rebuild (metabolize) |
|
|
Term
| What does Paget’s disease cause |
|
Definition
| Enlarged, abnormally formed bones |
|
|
Term
| Whom does Paget’s disease mainly affect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the S/S of Paget’s disease that is located in multiple bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term used to describe median nerve compression in the wrist’s carpal tunnel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is carpal tunnel diagnosed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the tx methods r/t carpal tunnel |
|
Definition
| Splints, NSAIDS, cortisone injection, & surgery |
|
|
Term
| What are some complications of fractures |
|
Definition
| Impaired neurovascular status, hemorrhage, infection, & fat embolism |
|
|
Term
| What is the term used to describe the disorder in which small fat-like globules are released from yellow bone marrow & into the blood stream |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some nursing interventions r/t fat embolism syndrome |
|
Definition
| Administer O2, elevate HOB, minimize movement |
|
|
Term
| What are some things to teach a pt about how to prevent fractures |
|
Definition
| Increase calcium in the diet & create a hazardous free environment |
|
|
Term
| What could occur if a pts cast is too tight |
|
Definition
| The cast can interfere with skin integrity & cause compartment syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What might MD do to loosen a cast that is too tight |
|
Definition
| Bivalve the cast with a cast cutter to relieve pressure & prevent pressure necrosis of the underlying skin |
|
|
Term
| How do you handle a wet cast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do you handle a wet cast with the palms of your hands |
|
Definition
| To prevent making indentions in the plaster that could become pressure points |
|
|
Term
| What should you teach pt about cast care |
|
Definition
| Do not cover cast while it is drying, keep cast dry when bathing & never place any object inside the cast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rounding the edges of a cast to ensure that all the rough edges are properly covered |
|
|
Term
| What are the components of a neurovascular assessment |
|
Definition
| Capillary refill, color, movement, pain, pulses, sensation & temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sheaths of fibrous tissue that support & partition nerves, muscles, & BVs |
|
|
Term
| Where are compartments primarily located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is acute compartment syndrome |
|
Definition
| A serous problem in which pressure within one or more extremity compartments increases |
|
|
Term
| What does acute compartment syndrome cause |
|
Definition
| Massive circulation impairment to affected area |
|
|
Term
| What are some things that could increase the pressure when there is tissue swelling or compression in an area |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What would the nurse assume about a pt who is c/o severe increasing pain that is not relieved with narcotics & that occurs more on active movement than passive movement |
|
Definition
| Pt is suffering from acute compartment syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What are some S/S of acute compartment syndrome |
|
Definition
| Increased pain that is unrelieved by narcotics (occurs more when pt is active), decreased sensation, pallor, Pulselessness, & Poikilothermia |
|
|
Term
| What term would a nurse use to describe an extremity where its temperature matches the environment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a fatal complication of acute compartment syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What procedure would an MD perform to relieve acute compartment syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What would you teach a pt who has osteoporosis |
|
Definition
| Increase calcium intake & it is important to perform weight bearing exercises |
|
|
Term
| What would you teach a pt who has systemic lupus Erythematosus |
|
Definition
| What skin care to perform to help with butterfly rash, how to prevent disease exacerbations, encourage pt to be immunized against specific infections, inform pt that exercise can prevent muscle weakness & fatigue |
|
|
Term
| What should you teach a pt who has rheumatoid arthritis |
|
Definition
| Inform pt that exercise will help his condition & help pt plan a daily schedule that balances rest & exercise |
|
|
Term
| What medications should a pt with gout avoid in order to prevent attacks |
|
Definition
| All forms of ASA & diuretics |
|
|
Term
| What should you teach a pt who has gout |
|
Definition
| Increase daily fluid intake to prevent kidney stones, avoid ETOH & high purine (protein) foods |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of foods high in purine |
|
Definition
| Organ meats (liver), shellfish, & oily fish |
|
|
Term
| What should you teach a pt with Paget’s disease |
|
Definition
| Teach pt about the disease, medication, & other therapies |
|
|
Term
| What is rheumatoid arthritis |
|
Definition
| A chronic, progressive, systemic inflammatory disease that destroys CT |
|
|
Term
| Who is 3 times more likely to be affected by rheumatoid arthritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is there a cure for rheumatoid arthritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes rheumatoid arthritis |
|
Definition
| The actual cause is unknown; however, it is often linked to a genetic predisposition, the environment, an autoimmune response (rheumatoid factor), and local & systemic infections |
|
|
Term
| What are some early S/S of rheumatoid arthritis |
|
Definition
| Joints become red, warm, swollen, stiff (especially after resting), painful & contain bilateral/symmetrical inflammation; pain & stiffness decreases with activity; low grade fever, weakness, fatigue, & anorexia |
|
|
Term
| What are some late S/S of rheumatoid arthritis |
|
Definition
| Joint deformity & secondary osteoporosis |
|
|
Term
| What are some things that help with the pain of rheumatoid arthritis |
|
Definition
| Heat/cold, balanced rest and activity, & surgery (total joint replacement) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common degenerative joint disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does osteoarthritis occur |
|
Definition
| When the articular cartilage & bone ends of the joints slowly deteriorate |
|
|
Term
| What are some things that occur as a result of osteoarthritis |
|
Definition
| Joint deformities, pain, & immobility that lead to the pt’s functional decline |
|
|
Term
| Which joints are most often affected by osteoarthritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of osteoarthritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some S/S of osteoarthritis |
|
Definition
| Joint pain that intensifies after physical activity, stiffness, and Heberden’s & Bouchard’s Nodes/bony nodes on joints of fingers |
|
|
Term
| What are some risk factors r/t osteoarthritis |
|
Definition
| Aging, obesity, & excessive “wear & tear” on synovial joints |
|
|
Term
| Which group of people are mostly affected by osteoarthritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some things that can help with osteoarthritis |
|
Definition
| NSAIDS, topical Capsaicin cream, rest, activities schedules when pain is low, heat/cold (usually warm, moist heat), weight control, complementary therapies, imagery, music therapy, acupressure, acupuncture, & surgery (total joint surgery replacement) |
|
|
Term
| What causes avascular necrosis |
|
Definition
| Long term use of steroids, trauma, & complications of joint replacement |
|
|
Term
| What is the name used for skin traction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name used for skeletal traction |
|
Definition
| Balanced suspension traction |
|
|
Term
| Why would Buck’s traction be applied |
|
Definition
| To prevent further trauma while pt is waiting for surgery |
|
|
Term
| Which type of pt is Buck’s traction indicated for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary use of Buck’s traction |
|
Definition
| For the relief of painful muscle spasms |
|
|
Term
| Which type of traction uses pins, screws, wires, & tongs to realign bones while a fracture heals |
|
Definition
| Balanced suspension traction (skeletal traction) |
|
|
Term
| What are some nursing interventions to remember when caring for a pt in traction |
|
Definition
| Make sure weights hang freely, monitor neurovascular status for impaired blood flow, check to make sure equipment functions properly, & monitor skin condition for pressure points or irritation from equipment |
|
|
Term
| What is important to teach a pt who is having a total hip replacement |
|
Definition
| Keep legs abducted with pillows, do not bend at waist more than 90o, when getting up pt must push strait up without leaning forward, pt may use a walker, & seek physiotherapy/occupational therapy |
|
|
Term
| What are some post-op assessments to remember for a total hip replacement |
|
Definition
| Monitor pt position to decrease risk for dislocation, turn pt every 2 hours to avoid skin breakdown |
|
|
Term
| What are some things a pt who has undergone a total hip replacement is at high risk for obtaining |
|
Definition
| Infection & post-op complications |
|
|
Term
| How should you care for a traumatically amputated body part |
|
Definition
| Wrap it in cool, slightly moist cloth & place it in a sealed bag which may be submerged in cold water until the body part is transported to the hospital |
|
|
Term
| What are some important things to remember in caring for an amputee in the first 24 hours |
|
Definition
| Assess for hemorrhage & infection, check for mobility & ambulation, elevate to reduce swelling, & instruct pt not to sit with hip flexed for long periods |
|
|
Term
| How long is it okay to elevate an amputee & why must you not exceed this time frame |
|
Definition
| No longer than 24 hours due to a risk of flexion contracture to the hip |
|
|
Term
| How should a stump dressing be applied & why is this important |
|
Definition
| The residual limb is wrapped at least every 8 hours using an elastic wrap (ace wrap) in a figure eight fashion in order to help mold the stump for prosthesis |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 types of fractures |
|
Definition
| Open (compound) closed, complete (displaced), & incomplete |
|
|
Term
| Which type of fracture breaks the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of fracture does not break the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of fracture occurs when the bone is in 2 places |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of fracture is non-displaced |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what position should you splint a dislocation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can you prevent blood clots r/t fractures |
|
Definition
| SCDs, ted hose, anticoagulants, & mobility |
|
|
Term
| What is the term used to describe small purple-ish spots under the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term used to describe larger areas of discoloration from hemorrhage under the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term used to describe hemorrhage into the skin, mucous membranes, or organs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the injection of dye into the lymphatic vessels of the hand or foot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is performed during a lymphangiography to determine lymph flow or blockages & lymph node involvement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term used to describe needle aspiration or surgical incision to see if an enlarged lymph node is caused by infection or malignancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term used to describe the removal of bone marrow with a needle to be viewed under a microscope |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a bone marrow biopsy used for |
|
Definition
| To diagnose hematologic disorders, monitor tx, isolate bacteria/pathogens by culture, & discover tumors and infections diseases |
|
|
Term
| Which disorder is categorized by a deficiency of RBCs, hemoglobin, or both in circulating blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common nutrient deficiency in the world where pt has a smaller than normal level of RBCs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of anemia is categorized by larger than normal RBCs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a chronic disease that requires B12 injections for life |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a condition in which the bone marrow becomes fatty & incapable of producing necessary numbers of RBCs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an inherited anemia where RBCs have a specific mutation that makes hemoglobin very sensitive to 02 changes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term used to describe the disorder that occurs when blood becomes thick with an overabundance of RBCs which causes the blood to not be able to circulate easily |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What results from an over-production of RBCs, WBCs, & platelets |
|
Definition
| Primary polycythemia Vera |
|
|
Term
| What occurs as a result of long-term hypoxia where the body makes more RBCs in response to low O2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term used to describe catastrophic accelerated clotting throughout peripheral BVs where clotting factors are used up & clots can no longer be formed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What results from an increased platelet destruction by the immune system which increases the risk for bleeding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is secondary polycythemia an actual disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Immune system dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| What is known as a group of hereditary disorders resulting from a severe lack of specific clotting factors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hemophilia is lacking factor VII |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hemophilia is lacking factor IX |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a malignant disease of WBCs where immature WBCs are produced explosively in bone marrow, lymph tissue, & spleen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cancer in children & what age group does it affect |
|
Definition
| Acute lymphocytic leukemia. Children under 15 |
|
|
Term
| What is a deadly cancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow that causes bony destruction & pathological fractures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term used to describe an enlarged spleen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term used when describing the removal of the spleen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 nutritional deficits that commonly cause anemia |
|
Definition
| Iron, folic acid, & vitamin B12 |
|
|
Term
| What are food sources for folic acid |
|
Definition
| Liver, green leafy vegetables, legumes, & enriched grain products |
|
|
Term
| What are food sources for iron |
|
Definition
| Lean red meat, dried fruits, dark green leafy vegetables, & enriched, fortified, or whole grain products |
|
|
Term
| What are some common lab tests that are done for pts with anemia |
|
Definition
| CBC, serum folate, serum iron, hemoglobin & hematocrit, bone marrow biopsy & analysis, & total iron-binding capacity measurements |
|
|
Term
| What are some S/S of anemia |
|
Definition
| Pallor, irritability, SOB, fatigue, tachycardia & tachypnea |
|
|
Term
| What are some S/S of pernicious anemia |
|
Definition
| Weakness, soreness, beefy red tongue, & numbness of hands & feet |
|
|
Term
| What are some S/S of iron deficiency anemia |
|
Definition
| Fissures @ corner of mouth, inflamed tongue, & spoon shaped fingernails |
|
|
Term
| What must be present in order for a pt to develop sickle cell anemia |
|
Definition
| Both parents must carry gene |
|
|
Term
| What occurs to the cells of a pt who has sickle cell anemia |
|
Definition
| They mutate into a crescent shape, become very rigid, crack/break easily, & get tangled in BVs |
|
|
Term
| What results from cells getting tangled in the BVs of a pt with sickle cell anemia |
|
Definition
| Congestion, clumping, & clotting |
|
|
Term
| What occurs when the sickling process is not reversed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long do sickle cells normally live |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some S/S of sickle cell anemia |
|
Definition
| Sickling occurs. Blood becomes sluggish & collects in vessels of the organs of the chest, abdomen, joints, & bones. |
|
|
Term
| What are some ways to prevent a sickle cell crisis |
|
Definition
| Avoid restrictive clothing, strenuous exercise, ETOH, & any sport that can cause hypoxia. Encourage fluids, vaccines, & genetic counseling |
|
|
Term
| What kind of medication should you avoid giving to a pt with sickle cell anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which type of disorder would be sure you raise the gatch on the bed in order to prevent restricting circulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should you be sure to assess in a pt with sickle cell anemia |
|
Definition
| Circulation in extremities, pulse oximetry, capillary refill, peripheral pulses, temperature, & frequent pain |
|
|
Term
| How often should you assess the circulation in the extremities of a pt with sickle cell anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can repeated sickle cell crisis lead to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes pain during a sickle cell crisis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should nurse do if pt with aplastic anemia has a low platelet count |
|
Definition
| Put pt on bleeding precautions |
|
|
Term
| What should nurse do if pt with a plastic anemia has a low WBC count |
|
Definition
| Put pt in isolation to protect from infection |
|
|
Term
| What are things to assess in an anemic pt to show that condition is improving |
|
Definition
| Pt remains free of injury, pts oral mucous membrane is intact, pt is able to tolerate activity without SOB or excessive fatigue, & pt is able to explain correct tx/therapeutic measures |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common S/S of a pt with multiple myeloma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal bleeding, Petechia, Ecchymoses, N/V, dyspnea, coma, shock, major organ system failure, enlargement of joints & severe muscle, back, & abdominal pain |
|
|
Term
| What are some common sites for bone marrow biopsy removal |
|
Definition
| Sternum, spiny process of vertebrae, & anterior or posterior iliac crest |
|
|
Term
| What are some post-op nursing actions r/t a bone marrow biopsy |
|
Definition
| Observe pain, aspirate site for bleeding & infection, & provide emotional support |
|
|
Term
| What does increased BP & HR indicate in a pt after a bone marrow biopsy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 products that are used to treat clotting disorders |
|
Definition
| Fresh frozen plasma & cryoprecipitate |
|
|
Term
| How long must LPN stay with pt during blood administration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often should LPN monitor VS of pt receiving blood administration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is used to flush line during blood administration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some complications that could occur with blood administration |
|
Definition
| Febrile reactions, hypersensitivities, hemolytic reactions, anaphylactic reactions, circulatory overload, & death |
|
|
Term
| What would occur if incompatible blood were given during administration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What would occur if blood is transfused rapidly in a short period of time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should nurse do if a pt starts experiencing SOB during blood transfusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much blood is withdrawn & discarded every other day in a pt with polycythemia Vera |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can be ordered for a pt with polycythemia Vera to reduce the risk of blood clots |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some S/S of hemophilia |
|
Definition
| Bleeding results from injury & Hemarthrosis |
|
|
Term
| What could repeated episodes of hemophilia cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bleeding into muscles & joints |
|
|
Term
| What tx methods are used for severe hemophilia A |
|
Definition
| Need to frequently replace clotting factors & blood products |
|
|
Term
| What ix methods are used for mild Hemophilia A |
|
Definition
| Injection or nasal inhalation of desmopression (ADH) |
|
|
Term
| Why are pts with leukemia at risk for infection |
|
Definition
| Immature WBCs are abnormal & able to fight infection |
|
|
Term
| What should nurse monitor in pt with leukemia |
|
Definition
| Risk of bleeding, infection, fatigue, & impaired oral mucous membrane |
|
|
Term
| How should nurse educate pt following a splenectomy |
|
Definition
| Pt is now more vulnerable to infection & pt may live a normal life but is encouraged to get pneumonia & flu vaccines each year |
|
|
Term
| What age group is mostly affected by Hodgkin's lymphoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What age group is mostly affected by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of lymphoma is more common |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of lymphoma has the better prognosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of lymphoma contains the Reed-Sternberg cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of lymphoma may include ETOH pain |
|
Definition
|
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