Term
| Hawley-Smoot Tariff (1930) – |
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Definition
| Tariff passed as a response to the Depression. Congress set tariffs at record levels, but it only served to disrupt world trade. By 1933 exports were at an all-time low. |
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| Veterans wanted Congress to pay them retirement bonuses early so they could survive the Depression. Congress considered a bill but it was never approved. Angry veterans marched on Washington D.C. to protest. Hoover called in the army to disperse the protestors. |
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| Shantytowns built during the Great Depression. |
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| Foreign policy towards South America that stressed non-intervention. Initiated by Hoover, but probably more closely associated with Franklin Roosevelt. |
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| Between March 9 and June 16, 1933, a special session of Congress enacted many of the bills associated with the New Deal. |
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| Much of the legislation passed after 1935 is referred to as the Second New Deal. Roosevelt added this to maintain the momentum of the acts passed in the early part of the New Deal. |
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| To prevent the Supreme Court from striking down New Deal legislation, Roosevelt asked Congress for the authority to appoint a new justice for every current member over seventy who would not retire. The plan back-fired on Roosevelt and popular opinion turned against him. |
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| American naval base on Hawaii that was attacked by the Japanese on December 7, 1941. After the attack the United States declared war on Japan. |
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| Americans and British forces under General Dwight Eisenhower landed on the beaches of Normandy; this was history’s greatest naval invasion. |
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| Lend-Lease Program (1941) - |
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| The US lent money and resources to the European states to help reconstruction. |
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| December 7, 1941. A Japanese surprise attack on the American base at Pearl Harbor. The Japanese killed over 2,000 Americans and the following day the United States declared war on Japan. In President Roosevelt’s speech he said December 7, 1941 would be a “date which will live in infamy.” |
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| MacArthur, General Douglas (1880-1964) - |
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| Commander of the Allied Forces in the Pacific. Implemented the ‘island hopping’ strategy to free Pacific islands from Japanese control. |
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| An island in the Pacific Ocean that was invaded by American troops during World War II as part of their island-hopping campaign in 1945. |
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| Casablanca Conference (1943) - |
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| Resolved to accept nothing less than unconditional surrender of Axis powers. Also decided to go ahead with invasion of Sicily and Italy. |
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| Potsdam Conference (July 1945) - |
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| Brought forward many differences over east Europe; Stalin would not allow any type of freely elected government in east European countries; Roosevelt had died and was succeeded by Harry Truman, who demanded free elections. |
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| Teheran Conference (1943) - |
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| Meeting between Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill confirmed their defense to crush Hitler. |
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| Yalta Conference (1945) - |
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Definition
| On the Black Sea; the Big Three met in February 1945 in southern Russia; it was agreed that Germany would be divided into zones of occupation and would pay heavy reparations to the soviet Union in the form of agricultural and industrial goods; when the Big Three met in 1945 at Yalta in southern Russia they agreed that east European governments were to be freely elected but pro-soviet. |
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