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Term
| 2 main classes of angiosperm |
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Definition
angiosperm = flowering plants
monocot and dicot |
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Term
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Definition
one cotyledon
narrow leaves
parallel leaf veins
many vascular bundles in stem |
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Definition
two cotyledons
broad leaves
branched leaf veins
vascular bundles around edge of stem |
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| nitrogen-fixing species of bacteria infect roots and form root molecules in symbiosis |
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Definition
on lower epidermus of lear
openings that allow diffusion of CO2, water vapor, and oxygen between leaf interior and the atmosphere |
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Definition
| cells inside the leaf that contain chloroplasts |
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Definition
photosynthetic layer
densely packed elongated cells |
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Term
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Definition
control the size of stomata
open and close stomata
open during the dat to admit CO2 for photosynthesis
Close at night to limit loss of water vapor through transpiration |
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Definition
| evaporation of water from leaves that draws water up through the plant vascular tissues from the soil |
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Definition
Controls opening and closing of guard cells
abundant water guard cells swell
sparse water guard cells clamp down and shut (conserve water) |
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Definition
| tendency of shoots of plants to bend toward light sources (sun) |
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Definition
responsible for phototropism
light hits side = auxins decrease = growth reduced compared to dark side
plant bends toward slower growing side |
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Term
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Definition
growth of portions of plants away from gravity
negative geotropism = shoots grow upward, against gravity
gravity increases auxin concentration of side of plant toward direction of gravity |
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Definition
| growth away from gravity (i.e. shoots grow up) |
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Definition
growth towards direction of gravity
i.e. roots grow down |
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Term
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Definition
plant hormones stimulate rapid stem elongation
inhibit the formation of new roots |
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Term
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Definition
promote cell dividsion
kinetin |
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Definition
| stimulates the ripening of fruit and the loss of leaves during seasonal changes |
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Term
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Definition
blocks growth of stems in plant
promotes dormancy and reduces damage that would be caused by harsh weather during cold periods |
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Term
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Definition
perform most of the metabolic functions of the plant
mesophyll is made of parynchema cells = photosynthesis |
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Definition
| help growing, young plants remain upright |
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Definition
more rigid
form hardened fibers throughout the plant, lose their cytoplasm
form thick hard cell walls
coat seeds and hard outsides of nuts |
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Term
| traechid cells and vessel elements |
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Definition
specialized cells, make up the xylem
transport water, form long spiral tubes that stretch as the plant elongates |
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Term
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Definition
make up the phloem
lose organelles as they mature
carry glucose-rich fluid from cell to cell and leaves to roots |
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Term
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Definition
thick epidermal tissue
forms outer coverings of the plant
waxy cuticle of leaves
root hairs |
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Definition
xylem and phloeum
used to transport material around the plant |
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Definition
| cytoplasmic compartment made continuous by the prescence of plasmodesmata in plant cell walls |
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Definition
| membrane of the central vacuole, inside which water and starch are stored |
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