Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| SAXIFRAGACEAE MICRANTHES OREGANA |
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Definition
| SAXIFRAGACEAE TELLIMA GRANDIFLORA |
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Term
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Definition
SAPINDACEAE ACER MACROPHYLLUM |
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Definition
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Definition
SALICACEAE POPULUS TRICHOCARPA |
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Definition
ROSACEAE CRATAEGUS MONOGYNA |
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Definition
ROSACEAE RUBUS SPECTABILIS |
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Definition
RANUNCULACEAE RANUNCULUS OCCIDENTALIS |
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Definition
RANUNCULACEAE DELPHINIUM TROLLIIFOLIUM |
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Definition
POLYGONACEAE FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM |
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Definition
POLYGONACEAE RHEUM RHABARBARUM |
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Definition
POLYGONACEAE RUMEX ACETOSELLA |
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Definition
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Definition
PHRYMACEAE ERYTHRANTHE GUTTATA |
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Definition
PAPAVERACEAE ESCHSCHOLZIA CALIFORNICA |
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Definition
PAPAVERACEAE DICENTRA FORMOSA |
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Definition
ORCHIDACEAE LISTERA CORDATA |
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Definition
ORCHIDACEAE CALYPSO BULBOSA |
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Definition
MONTIACEAE CLAYTONIA SIBIRICA |
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Definition
MONTIACEAE CLAYTONIA PERFOLIATA |
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Term
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Definition
MELANTHIACEAE TRILLIUM ALBIDUM |
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Definition
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Definition
LILIACEAE PROSARTES SMITHII |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
LAURACEAE UMBELLULARIA CALIFORNICA
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Term
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Definition
LAMIACEAE LAMIUM PURPUREUM |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| GROSSULARIACEAE RIBES SANGUINEUM |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
FABACEAE TRIFOLIUM INCARNATUM |
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Definition
FABACEAE ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA |
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Definition
FABACEAE LUPINUS MICRANTHUS |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
ERICACEAE ARCTOSTAPHYLOS COLUMBIANA |
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Term
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Definition
ERICACEAE ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA-URSI |
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Term
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Definition
ERICACEAE GAULTHERIA SHALLON |
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Term
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Definition
ERICACEAE VACCINIUM OVATUM |
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Term
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Definition
CUCURBITACEAE MARAH OREGANA |
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Term
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Definition
CRASSULACEAE CRASSULA OVATA
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
CARYOPHYLLACEAE STELLARIA MEDIA |
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Term
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Definition
CARYOPHYLLACEAE CERASTIUM GLOMERATUM |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
CACTACEAE OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA |
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Term
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Definition
BERBERIDACEAE BERBERIS AQUIFOLIUM |
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Term
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Definition
ASTERACEAE TARAXACUM OFFICINALE |
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Term
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Definition
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE ASARUM CAUDATUM |
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Term
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Definition
ASPARAGACEAE CAMASSIA QUAMASH |
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Term
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Definition
ASPARAGACEAE CAMASSIA LEICHTLINII |
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Term
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Definition
ASPARAGACEAE MUSCARI BOTRYOIDES |
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Term
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Definition
ASPARAGACEAE HYACINTHOIDES NON-SCRIPTA
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Term
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Definition
ASPARAGACEAE MAIANTHEMUM RACEMOSUM |
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Term
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Definition
ARACEAE LYSICHITON AMERICANUS |
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Term
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Definition
ARACEAE ZANTEDESCHIA AETHIOPICA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
APIACEAE CONIUM MACULATUM |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
[image] [image][image][image] |
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Definition
AMARYLLIDACEAE ALLIUM SPP. |
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Term
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Definition
AMARANTHACEAE BETA VULGARIS |
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Term
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Definition
APIACEAE HERACLEUM MAXIMUM |
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Term
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Definition
ANACARDIACEAE TOXICODENDRON DIVERSILOBUM |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
ASPARAGACEAE MAIANTHEMUM STELLATUM |
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Term
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Definition
ASTERACEAE HYPOCHAERIS RADICATA |
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Term
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Definition
BERBERIDACEAE ACHLYS TRIPHYLLA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
BETULACEAE CORYLUS AVELLANA |
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Term
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Definition
BORAGINACEAE MYOSOTIS DISCOLOR |
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Term
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Definition
BRASSICACEAE BRASSICA OLERACEA |
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Term
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Definition
BRASSICACEAE CAPSELLA BURSA-PASTORIS |
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Term
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Definition
BRASSICACEAE ERUCA SATIVA |
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Term
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Definition
BRASSICACEAE LUNARIA ANNUA |
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Term
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Definition
CAPRIFOLIACEAE SYMPHORICARPOS ALBUS |
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Term
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Definition
CELASTRACEAE PAXISTIMA MYRSINITES |
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Term
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Definition
CRASSULACEAE SEDUM SPATHULIFOLIUM |
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Term
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Definition
FAGACEAE CHRYSOLEPIS CHRYSOPHYLLA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
GERANIACEAE ERODIUM CICUTARIUM |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
JUGLANDACEAE JUGLANS NIGRA |
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Term
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Definition
LAMIACEAE STACHYS COOLEYAE |
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Term
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Definition
MONTIACEAE MONTIA PARVIFOLIA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
OXALIDACEAE OXALIS OREGANA |
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Term
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Definition
PLANTAGINACEAE COLLINSIA PARVIFLORA |
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Term
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Definition
PRIMULACEAE TRIENTALIS LATIFOLIA |
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Term
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Definition
ROSACEAE AMALANCHIER ALNIFOLIA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
ROSACEAE GEUM MACROPHYLLUM |
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Term
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Definition
ROSACEAE OEMLERIA CERASIFORMIS |
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Term
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Definition
ROSACEAE PURSHIA TRIDENTATA |
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Term
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Definition
ROSACEAE RUBUS PARVIFLORA |
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Term
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Definition
SALICACEAE POPULUS TREMULOIDES |
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Term
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Definition
SAPINDACEAE ACER CIRCINATUM |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Boraginaceae Mertensia platyphylla |
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Term
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Definition
| Asteraceae Tragopogon porrifolius |
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Term
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Definition
| Boraginaceae Symphytum officinale |
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Term
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Definition
| Convolvulaceae Ipomea batatas |
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Term
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Definition
| Cornaceae Cornus nuttallii |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Ericaceae Vaccinium parvifolium |
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Term
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Definition
| Lamiaceae Glecoma hederacea |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Oleaceae Fraxinus latifolia |
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Term
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Definition
| Orobanchaceae Triphysaria pusilla |
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Term
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Definition
| Plantaginaceae Antirrhinum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Plantaginaceae Plantago lanceolata |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Scrophulariaceae Verbascum thapsus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Solanaceae Solanum dulcamara |
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Term
| Lamiales, Plantaginaceae (snapdragon family) |
|
Definition
- Usually herbs, less commonly shrubs, some aquatics
- Lvs. Alt, spiral or opp. or whorled
- Hairs us. Simple, when glandular are 2+celled & lack vertial partitions
- flowers bilabiate, except plantago, callitriche
- stamens us. 4, didynamous, or 2; filaments adnate to corolla
- superior or inferior, fruit a capsule
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Term
| Lamiales, Scrophulariaceae (Figwort Family) |
|
Definition
•herbs, subshrubs, sometimes shrubs or vines
•lvs. Alternate and spiral or opposite
•Stamens 4, 5, or 2; anther sacs confluent and opening by a single distal
slit oriented at right angles to the filament, anther base not sagittate
•corolla ±bilabiate or narrow tube and flaring
ovary superior
Fruit capsule, berry, drupe |
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|
Term
| Lamiales, Lamiaceae (mint family) |
|
Definition
- us. herbs or subshrubs, rarely woody
•stems often square
•lvs. Us. Opposite or occ. whorled, usually simple,
• Hairs often gland-headed with aromatic ethereal oils
• usually bilabiate
• gynobasic style
superior; drupe, 4 nutlets
--Carpels 2, connate, ovary superior, 2 locular
but appearing 4 due to false septa |
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Term
| Lamiales, Orobanchaceae (Broomrape family) |
|
Definition
• Herbs, hemiparasitic to holoparasitic
•often fleshy,
• often with glandular hairs
• Lvs various, simple, often dissected, sometimes scales w/o
chlorophyll
• corolla usually bilabiate
• Stamens 4 [2], sometimes 5th stamen is there as staminode
ovary superior;
fruit us. capsule |
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Term
| Solanales, Solanaceae (potato or nightshade family) |
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Definition
•lvs. Alternate and spiral, often in pairs on same side of stem, us.
simple, never with sharp teeth
•flower parts in fives with united petals and 2-parted ovary.
•numerous ovules
ovary superior, Fruit berry or capsule |
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Term
|
Definition
--Usually trees or shrubs, a few herbs
--Hairs often Y or T shaped (mesifixed)
--Lvs usually opposite, simple, entire
--magic leaves with characteristic looped venation
--Nectar disk sometimes on top of ovary (ovary inferior)
--Sometimes infl. subtended by large, showy bracts
Flowers are usually bisexual, but are exceptions.
inferior ovary, fruit a drupe |
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Term
|
Definition
--trees, shrubs, herbs [lianas, mycoparasites]
--mostly red or white urn-shaped flowers with parts in 4's or 5's
--leaves often evergreen (except the mycoparasites)
--Flowers usually bisexual, pendulous
--Petals us. 4 or 5 and connate, often cylindrical or urn-shaped with
imbricate to valvate lobes or ±bell or funnel shape (or reduced in wind-
pollinated genera)
--stamens:
a. anthers usually inverted
b. sometimes with paired projections near anther
c. usually Opening by 2 apical pores
usually superior;
capsule, berry, drupe |
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Term
| Solanales, Boraginaceae (Borage Family) |
|
Definition
•herbs [shrubs, trees, lianas]
•hairy, sometimes coarsely so
•Infl. determinate, usually forming helicoid or scorpioid cymes
•Petals us. 5, connate & forming plicate salverform, funnel-like, or
tubular corolla
-ovary superior
-fruit: capsule, drupe, schizocarp of 2 or 4 nutlets |
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|
Term
| Geraniales, Geraniaceae (Greek for Crane) |
|
Definition
--flower parts us. In fives,
--five parted stigma
--us. Carpel with a persistent, prominent sterile column,
•Usually schizocarp (derived from a 2-or more loculed compound
ovary with in which locules separate at maturity) with 5
one-seeded segments that separate from the central column |
|
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Term
| Sapindales, Anacardiaceae |
|
Definition
--us. woody
--well-developed resin ducts or lacticifers in wood and leaves
--leaves us. pinnately compound, but some trifoliate or simple
--1 ovule per carpel
--nectar disk present
Note that sometimes 3 carpels and only 1 develops
Fruit a drupe (think mango!) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
--woody + a few herbaceous vines
--lvs often palmate or trifoliate [simple, pinnate]
--stamens us. 8, filaments usually pubescent or papillose
--nectar disk present
--2-3 carpellate ovary
Fruit:
ariloid berry, drupaceous or samaroid schizocarp
Note: Sometimes have sterile carpels or anthers |
|
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Term
| Brassicales, Brassicaceae |
|
Definition
--us. herbs, some shrubs
--have glucosinolates, myrosinase and are often cyanogenic too.
--infl. Indeterminate, but sometimes just one flower
--4 petals often in a cross-shape, "cruciferae"
--receptacle elongates (called a gynophore)
--6 stamens, most often 4 tall and 2 short (tetradymous), or all same.
--seed pods (siliques and silicles) split open to expose a clear membrane
(replum) in the middle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
--Herbs, shrubs, trees
--Lvs. us. alt. or spiraled with stipules
--Flowers radial, often showy, with hypanthium,
--stamens us. numerous
--pentamerous
superior or inferior, Fruit various (follicle, achene, pome,
drupe, aggregates thereof)
--hypanthium often enlarges in fruit with nectar ring on inside |
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|
Term
| Cucurbitales, Cucurbitaceae |
|
Definition
•Herbaceous or soft-woody vines
• tendrils at nodes (tendrils are either coiled and twinning leaf parts
(us. Modified rachis or leaflet) or a branch adapted for climbing).
•lvs often±palmately lobed/veined
--teeth usually cucurbitoid (i.e. with several veins entering tooth
and ending at ±glandular apex).
•us. parietal placentation and three carpels
Plants commonly monoecious or dioecious |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• 1° Monoecious
•Trees or shrubs
• flowers unisexual and small
•male flowers in catkins or reduced inflorescence
•fruit a nut with subtending cupule of connate involucral bracts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•Monoecious (unisexual flowers on same plant); remember that
dioecious is unisexual flowers on different plants.
•Trees or shrubs
• leaves simple, doubly serrate (teeth have teeth) with pinnate
venation
•Male catkins elongate, lax
•Female catkins pendulous or erect, often cone-like (Flwrs us 2 or
3, forming a bracteate unit) |
|
|
Term
| Malpighiales, Violaceae (violet family) |
|
Definition
--herbs (temp), shrubs, trees, lianas (tropics)
--us 5 anthers often fused at base (connivant) & with appendages or
nectaries
--often have both cleistogamous and chasmogamous flowers
(temperate)
—style usually hooked and distally enlarged
-ovary superior; fruit capsule |
|
|
Term
| Malpighiales, Salicaceae (Willow Family) |
|
Definition
--trees or shrubs
--inflorescences axillary, catkins
--flowers reduced, unisexual
--Stipulate
--Teeth usually salicoid (with vein expanding at tooth apex and associated
with spherical glandular setae (bristle), except one basal genus, Casearia)
--seeds often with tuft of long white hairs
-Ovary Superior, fruit - capsule, berry, drupe |
|
|
Term
| Malpighiales, Euphorbiaceae (Spurge Family) |
|
Definition
--often with white or colored latex
--tropics: woody, temperate: herbs
--leaves usually alternate, simple
--flowers usually unisexual, pistillate ones with superior, usually 3-
carepellate ovary
--frts often explosively dehiscing schizocarps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Infl. Are often cyathia.
- infl. With small unisexual
- flowers subtented by an involucre, often with petaloid glands.
- Carpellate flower surrounded by numerous staminate flowers (reduced to one stamen) within a cuplike structure formed by a cymose inflorescence (determinate) and associated bracts.
- Each cyathium has 1-5 nectaries
- some with petal-like structures
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|
|
Term
| Fabales, Fabaceae (=Leguminosae) |
|
Definition
•stipulate often compound leaves
•pentamerous flowers
•single unicarpellate pistil
•marginal placentation
•Fruit a legume |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•usually trees or shrubs, rarely herbs
•± zygomorphic
•leaves usually pinnate, a few bipinnate
•wing petals covering standard in bud; stamens 5-10 [1-numerous], not usually long exserted. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
wing petals
covering banner
in bud; less zygomorphic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lateral petals enclosed by banner
in bud; strongly zygomorphic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•trees, shrubs, and lianas, uncommonly herbs
•± actinomorphic
•lvs. Often bipinnate
•inflorescences often spikes or heads (capitate)
• flowers often small, stamens (5)10 to more than
100, usually exserted
•extrafloral nectaries and ant associations common |
|
|
Term
| Caryophyllales, Polygonaceae |
|
Definition
--Nodes often swollen
--Stipules often present and connate into sheath (ocrea) around stem
--Small flowers with colored tepals and often triangular seeds
-- basal placentation
Fruit:
achene or nutlet, often 3 angled with enlarged perianth
parts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
•Anomalous secondary growth (concentric rings of vascular
tissue or alternating rings of xylem and phloem-think beets)
•uniseriate perianth 3-5 [0-2, 6-8] sepals
•connate stamens of same number
•1-locule, usually 1-ovuled ovary with basal placentation
• often salt tolerant |
|
|
Term
| Caryophyllales, Caryophyllaceae |
|
Definition
--nodes often swollen
--often divided petal ends
--flower parts in 5’s
--Lvs opposite, simple, entire
(anthocyanins present)
|
|
|
Term
| Caryophyllales, Montiaceae |
|
Definition
--Usually±succulent herbs, often reddish
--2 sepals (sometimes called bracts)
--us. 5 petals (but..... )
--stamens u. 1x-2x as many as petals
--leaves often with clasping bases
--Fruit capsules of various sorts including circumsessile capsule (opens by a line around circumference, often with top
coming off as a lid) |
|
|
Term
| Caryophyllales, Cactaceae |
|
Definition
--Succulent desert plants with spines
--Flower parts numerous
--most lack true leaves!careful spines are not everything! Look for latex and weird flowers of Euphorbiaceae. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Trees, shrubs or herbs.
- Multiseriate perianth, differentiated into outer sepaloid and inner petaloid parts, the innermost nectiferous;
- a biseriate androecium (anthers valvular), and a single unicarpellate pistil.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Sepals often showy;
- petals often absent;
- many stamens;
- ovary superior (no floral cup).
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Herbs, shrubs, or small trees.
- Some with
- milky latex.
- Usu. 2 caducous sepals,
- several
- stamens,
- fruit a capsule.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- ours herbs
- basal leaves us. palmate
- small flowers with parts in fives
- gynoecium us. syncarpous,us. with two styles
- (‘splitting ovary’)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Large leaves often with succulent, more or less sheathing petioles.
- In flower, unmistakable by the inflorescence, which is a fleshy spike
- (spadix), subtended by an often showy large bract (spathe).
- Often with aerial roots.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Woody.
- Lvs. simple, spirally arranged, pinnate veins, with caduceus stipules enclosing the buds and then leaving a scar.
- Flowers solitary,
- perianth multi-whorled, hypogynous on an elongated recep.,
- many stamens,
- pistils 2-many,
- fruit an aggregate of follicles, samaras or
- berry-like, seeds often with a sarcotesta.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Trees, shrubs or woody vines.
- Lvs. simple, distichous and exstip.
- Perianth 3-merous.
- Fruit an aggregate of berries or dry, indehiscent
- units, or a syncarp
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Woody,
- aromatic oil glands,
- evergreen,
- undifferentiated perianth,
- valvular anther dehiscence,
- single superior ovary,
- one ovule/carpel with apical placentation,
- lack endosperm (2).
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- more or less herbaceous plants (quite often vines),
- adaxial prophylls,
- exstipulate leaves with palmate venation and entire margins.
- 3-merous flowers.
- The ovary is usually inferior and the perianth uniseriate and connate.
- Only Aristolochia has monosymmetric flowers,
- only Saruma a perianth differentiated into sepals and petals.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- stem with scattered vascular bundles,
- spike or spadix of many very small apet. flws.
- Frt. a drupe (1).
- Herbaceous stems with swollen nodes,
- lvs often soft or fleshy with cordate base.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
umbellate inflorescence, usu. inferior ovary (sup. in Allium)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
“This is a highly unsatisfactory family. Nothing characterizes it, and while some of the subfamilies have several distinctive apomorphies and are also easy to recognize, others are difficult to recognize. The flowers of the whole group are for the most part a rather undistinguished "lily"-type, and quite often are rather small.”
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Succulent herbs to soft-stemmed shrubs;
- Fls. 5-merous.
- Carpels 5.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Shrubs with palmately lobed leaves;
- fls. 5-merous with hypanthium,
- inferior ovary
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Leaves generally ensiform, unifacial, and equitant.
- Flowers 3-merous,
- bisexual, usu. epigynous,
- perianth biseriate.
- Stamens 3, opp. the outer tepals.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- perennial,
- herbaceous,
- often bulbous plants.
- Large 3-merous flowers with six petaloid tepals arranged in two whorls,
- six stamens and a superior ovary.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- 3-merous flowers;
- parallel leaf veins;
- ovary superior, or partly inferior,
- 3 carpellary,
- 1-3 stigmas;
- stamens
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- expanded lower lip or labellum,
- column,
- pollinia,
- psuedobulbs
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Herbs, shrubs, or small trees.
- Some with milky latex.
- Usu. 2 caducous sepals,
- several stamens,
- fruit a capsule
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Often with dextrosetwining vines
- less commonly shrubs or trees
- usually with internal phloem
- simple, spiral and actinomorphic leaves
- sympetalous flowers
- corrolas typically with involute aestivation and often infundibular
|
|
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Term
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Definition
- monoecious or dioecious trees or shrubs,
- pinnate or trifoliate leaves
- flowers small
- corolla absent
- male flowers in catkins (generally)
- female flowers at tips of shoots
- inferior ovary with 2-3 carpels and locules
- fruit a 1 seeded nut, samara, trym, or pseudodrupe
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Term
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Definition
| Actinidiaceae Actinidia deliciosa |
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Definition
| Adoxaceae Sambucus racemosa |
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Definition
| Apiaceae Apium graveolens |
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Definition
| Apiaceae Coriandrum sativum |
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Definition
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Definition
| Apiaceae Foeniculum vulgare |
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Definition
| Asteraceae Achillea millefolium |
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Definition
| Asteraceae Bellis perennis |
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Definition
| Asteraceae Lactuca sativa |
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Definition
| Asteraceae Lapsana communis |
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Definition
| Asteraceae Leucanthemum vulgare |
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Definition
| Asteraceae Matricaria discoidea |
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Definition
| Asteraceae Senecio vulgaris |
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Definition
| Asteraceae Silybum marianum |
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Definition
| Asteraceae Sonchus oleraceus |
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Definition
| Brassicaceae Arabidopsis thaliana |
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Definition
| Brassicaceae Hesperis matronalis |
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Definition
| Caprifoliaceae Lonicera ciliosa |
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Definition
| Caprifoliaceae Valeriana scouleri |
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Definition
| Caryophyllaceae Spergularia rubra |
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Definition
| Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce maculata |
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Definition
| Portulacaceae Portulaca oleracea |
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Definition
| Primulaceae Anagallis arvensis |
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Definition
| Apiaceae Osmorhiza berteroi |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Commelinaceae Tradescantia zebrina |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Poaceae Dactylis glomerata |
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Definition
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Definition
| Poaceae Schedonorus arundinaceus |
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Definition
| Ranunculaceae Thalictrum occidentale |
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Definition
| Rosaceae Potentilla gracilis |
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Term
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Definition
| Typhaceae Typha latifolia |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- opposite, toothed leaves that are compound or simple
- inflorescence is us. flat topped, cymose, numerous small flowers
- flowers are 5- or sometimes 4-merous, the calyx is open during development, the corolla is rotate, the style is at most short
- fruit is drupaceous
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Term
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Definition
- trees, shrubs or herbs
- opposite leaves
- synpetalous
- often rather weakly monosymmetric flowers with a more or less radially symmetric calyx
- ovary is us. inferior
- fruits are often few or one seeded
- the bark in the woody taxa often comes off in thin flakes
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Term
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Definition
- herbs
- stems us. hollow
- leaves often dissected, usually with sheathing leaf bases
- infl. of umbels, which may be arranged in racemes, spikes or panicles, or umbel
- sepals often very reduced
- styles more or less swollen at base to form a nectar-secreting structure called a stylopodium atop ovary
- fruits are essential for identification to species
- ovary inferior, fruit a schizocarp
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Term
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Definition
- herbs, shrubs, less commonly trees or vines
- infl. with flowers congested into a head (a capitulum) on a common receptacle and often subtended by a series of bracts (phyllaries)
- flowers us. 5merous, the anthers united into a tube
- sepals highly modified and forming a pappus (2-many scales, awns or bristles)
- ovary inferior
- fruit an achene
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Term
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Definition
- sedge family (have edges)
- perennial or annual herbs rarely shrubs or lianas
- stems of perennial are rhizomes, stolon, bulbs, or caudices bearing aerial culms that are often tufted (cespitose), usually 3 sided, with a solid pith
- leaves ar bifacial, spiral, and usually tristichous [rarely distichous], sheathing (usually closed), simple, undivided, narrow, flat, and parellel veined, a ligule, present or absent
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Term
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Definition
- rush family (round)
- perennial, rarely annual, herbs.
- stems of perennials are usually rhizomatous
- leaves are simple parallel veined, undivided, bifacial or unifacial, mostly basal spiral, usually tristichous [rarely distichous], sheathing, usually with auricles and lgulate, flat or terete
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Term
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Definition
- grass family (have joints)
- perenial or annual, hermaphroditic, monoecious, or dioecious herbs ir (in baboons) trees
- roots are adventitious, often endomychoohizal
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Term
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Definition
- ginseng family
- trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs
- stems of trees are often pachycaulous
- leaves are palmate, pinnate or simple (these often divided), usually spiral, rarely opposite or whroled, usually stipulate
- the inflorescence is usually terminal umbel, head or secondary inflorescence of umbels, rarely of solitary flowers
- flowers are usually bisexual, actinomorphic, epigynous (rarely hypogynous)
- the calyx is aposepalous with 5 [rarely 3-many]
- anthers are longitudinal in dehiscence
- the gynoecium is syncarpous, with an inferior (rarely superior and secondarily derived) ovary, 2-5 [-many] carpels, and 1-many locules
- styles are 1-many
- fruit is a drupe with multiple endocarps, berry, or schizocarp with carpophore
- seeds are oily endospermous
- inflorescence of heads, umbels, or with umbel units, the flowers with often reduced calyx, apopetalous o sympetalous corolla, and a 1-many-carpellate inferior ovary with usually apical-axile placentation
- fruit a berry, drupe, or schizocarp
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Term
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Definition
- palm family
- stem is uaually arborescent, consisting of a single, unbranched trunk or a cespitose cluster of erect stems, or a stout, dichotomously branched rhizome, or an elongate liana with long internodes
- leaves are typically quite large, generally terminal, spiral, with a sheathing base and an elongate, stout petiole between the sheath apex and blades
- inflorescence is typically and axillart, bracteate panicle or pike of solitary flowes or of cyme units, arising either below or amoung or above the leaves of the crownshaft
- flowers uni or bi sexual, actinomorphic, sissile, and hypogynous
- fruit is fleshy and fiberous, usually a drupe or berry, some with outer scales, hairs, prickles, or other processes
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Term
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Definition
- Spiderwort family
- stems typicaly with swollen nodes
- leaves spiral, sheathing (closed sheathes) simple, undivided, with each half of the blade rolled adaxially toward the midrib early in development
- inflorescence in cyme rarely a raceme or of solitary flowers, the flowers often piercing the subtending bract
- flowers us. bisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, and hypgynous
- calyx of 3 distinct or basally fused sepals or lobes
- corolla contains 2, equal or unequal, distinct or basally connate petals or lobes, which are characteristically ephemeral.
- stamens with 3+3, sometime 3 fertile 3 staminodes , apostemonous, filamentsoften with pilose trichomes, fertile stamen sometimes dimorphic
- fruit in loculicidal capsule, rarely an indehiscent capsule or berry
- seeds are rarely winged or arillate, having a starchy endosperm
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Term
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Definition
- banana family
- stems are subterranean, sympodial, rhizomatous to cormose, and hapaxanthic
- leaves large, basal, spiral, sheathing (with the long, sheathing leaf base overlapping, forming a psuedostem), a petiole (sometimes termed a "psuedopetiole") present in musa
- simple and ppenni-parallel-veined
- inflorescence (which arises from from the apicalmeristem of the corm and grows inside the rolled leaf leaf sheath) is a terminal thyrse, equivalent to a raceme of a spirally arranged, fasciculate, monochasial cymes (commonly called "banana hands"), bracteate, and bracts large, coriaceous, each enclising a fasciculate unit cym
- flowers are ebracteate, unisexual, zygomorphic, epigynous
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Term
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Definition
- lopseed family
- stems are 4 angled when young, leaves simple, opposite, exstipulate, toothed
- inflorescence is a spike, raceme, or of solitary, axillary flowers
- flowers are bisexual, zygomorphic or actinomorphic, ebracteate, hypogynous
- 5 merous, bilabiate, upper lip 2 lobes
- stamens 2-4 alternate the petals, when 4 anterior pair longer than posterior pair (didynamous) epipetalous, staminodes sometimes present
- fruit a dehiscent capsule, berry, or reflexed achene with persistent calyx
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Term
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Definition
- ginger family
- distichous, usually ligulate leaves with a single, dithecal stamen and a petaloid labellum derived from 2 staminodes
- inferior ovary
- 3 merous
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Term
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Definition
- absorptive, peltate trichomes, often colorful bracts, and trimerous flower, the petals/outer tepals often with basal scalesor appendages, stigmals typically twisted
- 3 merous
- superior or inferior ovary
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