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Details Title: Plants and People Description: Exam 2 Total Flash Cards: 59 Created: 10/21/2007 12:43:11	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term What family does the legume belong to? Definition The Bean Family Term What is the technical name for the "Bean Family" Definition Fabacea or Leguminosae Term How is a legume fruit formed? Definition By a single carpel that splits along the two opposite margins to release its seeds.  Term What is a Pulse? Definition Dried legume seeds used for human food Term Three subfamilies of Fabaceae Definition Faboideae, Caesalpinoideae, Mimosoideae Term In legumes, does self-pollination result in self-fertilization? Definition Yes, self-pollination results in self-fertilization. Term How did legumes change when domesticated? Definition No dormant seeds, synchronous fruiting, reduction in seed scattering, increase in the size of seeds Most are annuals Production of seeds by self-pollination and self-fertilization Term What nutrient does protein provide that carbs do not? Definition Nitrogen Term How do legumes produce useable nitrogen? Definition By a symbiotic relationship with bacteria in the soil the legume roots produce excess nitrogen. Term What do the terms in a fertilizer coorespond to? 10-20-10? Definition Useable nitrogen     Phosphorous     Potassium Term What is the latin name for Soybeans? Definition Glycine max Term Origin of Soybeans Definition China, 3000 years ago Term Processing of Soybeans Definition Seeds crushed in boiling water Liquid                           Solid Soymilk                        Soy Sauce Tofu                             Okara Term Hydrogenation Definition Hydrogen gas is boiled under pressure through oil in the presence of a catalyst (nickel). Hydrogen binds to carbon atoms linked by double bonds. The fatty acids become saturated and the oil is sold at room temperature. Term Iodine Number Definition The number of double bonds available to bond with iodine. More double bonds, higher iodine number. Term Sunflower Definition Dicot, domesticated Term Temperate fruits Definition We consume the pericarp. Term Temperate Nuts Definition We consume the seeds Term All spices can be traced to three places: Definition Mediterranean, Asian Tropic, and New World. Term Latin name of the mint family Definition Lamiceae Term Herbs and spices of the Mediterranean (mint family) Definition Basil, mint, oregano, rosemary, sage, thyme Term Latin name for the Carrot Family Definition Apiacea Term Horseradish native to: Definition Europe Term Bay/ Laurel Definition Mediterranean Leaves used Leaves used to crown champion in ancient Greece Term Saffron Latin Name Definition Crocus sativus Term Saffron (Crocus sativus) Definition Native to weastern Asia, southern Europe Stigmas used Very expensive because hand harvested Used for yellow dye Term Cassia Definition Native to Asia Entire bark used (surrounds trunk) Cinnamon Term Cinnamon Definition Native to Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Borneo Inner layer of bark used. Term Myristica Fragans Definition Native to indonesia Nutmeg - Seed endosperm Mace - Seed covering Term Cloves Definition Native to east Indies Flower buds used Used as a spice and in idonesian cigarettes and lotion (for scent) Term Ginger Definition Southern Asia Rhizomes (modified stems) used as food Term Black Pepper Definition Most common spice (salt is not a spice) Native to India, East Indies, Sumatra, Sri Lanka Fruit used (berry) Outside layer of fruit is black, inside is white Black pepper - entire fruit is ground White pepper - outside black layer is removed by rotting, then white parts ground Term Allspice Definition South America, West Indies Fruits used Term Capsicum peppers (hot peppers) Definition Central America, South America Fruits and seeds used CAPSACIN - chemical that makes peppers hot, binds to nerve endings Hottest part is seeds Term Vanilla Definition Central and South America Fruits used Second most expensive Fermentation - kept for long timeand plant develops smell and taste Term Curry Poweder Definition India Mixture of Coriander, Tumeric, Cumin, Funegreek, White Pepper Allspice, Mustard, Red Pepper, Ginger Term Chili Powder Definition American Southwest Red Pepper, Cumin, Oregano, Salt, Garlic Powder Term Hydrogels Definition Water-modifying substances (prevent water molecules from moving freely) Term Types of Hydrogels: Definition Plant products Gums Pectins Starches Not plant product Gelatin - comes from animals Term Chemical Structure of gumes: Definition salts of polysaccharides such as galactose, xylose, and arabinose. Term Exudate Gums Definition Produced as a response to injury or wounding Term Acacia Sengal Plant Definition Exudate Gum Bean Fmaily Source of gum Arabic Native to northeastern Africa Uses: beer additives, glue, emulsifier, coating of flavor particles, a component of water color, ink Term Astragalus Gummifer Definition Exudate Gum Source of Tragacanth Gum Native to near east and Asia minor (Turkey) Uses: food - mayo, sandwich spread, prepared milkshakes, toothpaste, hand lotions Medicine - binder of tablets, suspension agent in oral penicillin Term Extractive Gums Definition Extracted from endosperm of seeds or wood Term Carob Tree Definition Bean Family Extractive Gum Native to Afric Seeds are used for ice cream, pie fillings, salad dressing Term Cyamopsis Tetragonolobus Definition Extractive Gum Source of Guar Gum Bean Family Native to Africa and domesticated in India Used: seeds for paper and textile industries Term Larix Occidentalis Definition Source of Larch Gum Extractive Gum Native to N. America Used part: wood for lithographic operations Term Semi Synthetic GUm Definition Purified Cellulose (a polymer of glucose) is chemically changed into carboxymethylcellulose Used for: detergents, sizing in the textile and paper industries. Term Pectins Definition A group of plant polysaccharides that can form a gel Term Chemical structure of pectins Definition Unbranched chains of 200-1000 pectic acid molecules or thier methylesters Term Sources of pectins Definition Apple pomace  - 10-15% by dry weight is pectin Citrus - 20-30% Term Chemical Structure of Starch Definition Linear (amylose) or Unbranched (amyl pectin) polymer Subunit is glucose Differs from cellulose in the way the chemicals (subunits are connected) Sourches: corn, wheat, sorghum, arrowroot, cassava, sago Uses: paper and cardboard production (60%), adhesives, food industry - thickiner Term Sheep Definition 9000 BC Asia Meat, milk, wool Grazing Term Goats Definition 7500 BC Asia Term Cattle Definition Europe, Asia, N.America 6500BC Term Pigs Definition Europe, Asia, N. America Term Water Buffalo Definition Asia Term Chickens Definition Asia Term Horses Definition Europe, Asia