Term
| What is the main difference between plant and animal development? |
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Definition
| Animal embryos are programmed early whereas plant development is plastic |
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Term
| Plant development is plastic. What does this mean? |
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Definition
| The plant's appearance, such as height, can be changed by the environment |
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Term
| Where do plant repeated units originate? |
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Definition
Shoot apical meristem
Root apical meristem |
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Term
| What is the number and appearance of plant repeated units determined by? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the cells in a plant are totipotent. What does this mean? |
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Definition
| That they can become any type of cell |
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Term
| What applications does totipotency in plants have? |
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Definition
| Cuttings can be taken and a whole new plant can grow from it |
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Term
| Can a stem cell undifferentiate and become a root cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are four other differences between animal and plant development? |
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Definition
-Development occurs post embryogenesis in plants
-plants have an inter-determinate growth pattern
-cell division in plants occur at a specific place
-many cells in plants are totipotent |
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Term
| What does an intermediate growth pattern mean? |
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Definition
| They don't have a set size, number of leaves, etc. |
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Term
| Where does cell division take place in plants? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when seeds mature? |
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Definition
| They undergo regulated desiccation |
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Term
| What is regulated desiccation? |
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Definition
| Drying out in a controlled way where the embryo is protected |
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Term
| What is the function of regulated desiccation? |
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Definition
It controls when and where seeds germinate
Produces a very long living survival capsule |
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Term
| What hormone is seed development regulated by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of abscisic acid? |
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Definition
| Prevents precocious germination which prevents vivipary |
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Term
| What is precocious germination? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Germination while the seeds are still on the parent plant |
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Term
| What is an example of a plant where vivipary might occur? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Endogenous organic compounds that effect growth and development at low concentrations |
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Term
| Which hormone opposes the effects of abscisic acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the functions of gibberellins? |
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Definition
Promoting germination
Stimulating breakdown of starch to feed the growing seedling
Shoot elongation
Controlling internode length |
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Term
| Where are gibberellins produced? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of a seed? |
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Definition
| To store nutrients for the embryo |
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Term
| Where does embryogenesis occur? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When imbibition takes place |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Do gibberellin deficient mutants germinate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does shoot elongation require? |
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Definition
| Synthesis and action of gibberellins |
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Term
| How do gibberellins induce shoot elongation? |
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Definition
| By causing cell division and elongation in sub apical meristems |
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Term
| What can cause dwarfing in plants? |
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Definition
| A mutation leading to reduced gibberellin biosythesis |
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Term
| How was the genetic mutation causing reduced gibberellin biosythesis used in agriculture? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the advantages of breeding wheat to be shorter? |
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Definition
Less waste - straw isn't used as much as in the past
Less impact from weather - makes harvesting easier |
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Term
| What chemical inhibits growth hormones? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the effect of the inhibition of growth hormones by paclobutrazol? |
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Definition
| The plant has the same number of nodes but internodes are of a shorter length |
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Term
| What is the appearance of a plant treated with paclobutrazol? |
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Definition
| Compact plant with the same number of flowers and fruit |
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