Term
| How many years have people engaged in agriculture? |
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Definition
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Term
| Genetic manipulation of crops such as wheat began with: |
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Definition
| cross pollination of plants to produce desirable traits |
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Term
| Today many crop plants are genetically modified using what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two main groups of aniosperms? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which ways do monocots and eudicots differ? |
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Definition
-Number of cotyledons (seed leaves)
-Pattern of leaf venation
-Arrangement of stem vascular tissue
-Number of flower parts
-Root structure |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of monocots? |
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Definition
-one cotyledon
-parallel leaf venation
-Scattered vascular bundles
-Flower parts in 3's or multiples of 3
-Fibrous roots |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of eudicots? |
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Definition
-Two cotyledons
-Branched leaf venation
-ring of vascular bundles
-flower parts in 4's or 5's (or multiples)
-Taproot systems |
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Term
| What are the three basic organs a typical plant body contains? |
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Definition
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Term
| Plants absorb water and minerals from soil through what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Plants absorb the sun't energy and carbon dioxide from the air through what? |
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Definition
| shoots (stems and leaves) |
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Term
| What depends on shoots for carbohydrates produced via photosynthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| plant shoots depend on what for water and minerals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of plant roots? |
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Definition
-anchor plant
-absorb water and nutrients
-store food |
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Term
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Definition
-stems, leaves, and reproductive structures
-stems provided support
-leaves carry out photosynthesis |
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Term
Modifications of plant pats are adaptations for various functions such as:
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Definition
-food or water storage
-asexual reproduction
-protection
-climbing
-photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
food storage
-large taproot stores starches
--examples include carrots, turnips, sugar beets, sweet potatoes |
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Term
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Definition
-Stolon
-Rhizomes
-Tubers
-Cactus stem |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| storage, asexual reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
| storage, asexual reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
| water storage and photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are the three tissue systems that make up the plant body? |
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Definition
| dermal, vascular, and ground tissue |
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Term
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Definition
-Outer protective covering
-layer of tightly packed cells called epidermis
-first line of defense against damage and infection
-waxy layer called cuticle reduces water loss |
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Term
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Definition
-support and long-distance transport
-composed of xylem (water transport) and phloem (food transport)
-arranged in bundles
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Term
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Definition
-Bulk of the plant body
-food production, storage, support
-Lies between dermal and vascular tissue
-eudicot stem ground tissue is divided into pith and cortex
-leaf ground tissue is called mesophyll |
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Term
| What are the 3 structures that distinguish plants from animal cells? |
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Definition
-chloroplasts used in photosynthesis
-a large, fluid-filled vacuole
-a cell wall composed of cellulose |
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Term
| Some plant cell walls have 2 layers, what are they? |
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Definition
-Primary cell wall-outermost layer
-secondary cell wall-tough layer inside primary wall |
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Term
| The sticky layer called ________ lies between adjacent plant cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Openings in cell walls called plasmodesmata allow cells to do what? |
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Definition
| communicate and exchange materials easily |
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Term
| what are the five major types of plant cells? |
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Definition
-parenchyma cells
-collenchyma cells
-sclerenchyma cells
-water-conducting cells
-food-conducting cells |
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Term
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Definition
-most abundant cell type
-thin primary cell wall
-lack secondary cell wall
-alive at maturity
-function in photosynthesis, food and water storage |
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Term
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Definition
-unevenly thickened primary cell wall
-lack secondary cell wall
-alive at maturity
-provide flexible support |
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Term
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Definition
-thick secondary cell wall containing lignin (main component of wood)
-dead at maturity
-rigid support |
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Term
| Water conducting cells-tracheids and vessel elements |
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Definition
-both have thick secondary cell walls
-both are dead at maturity
-chains of tracheids and vessel elements from tubes that make up the vascular tissue called xylem |
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Term
| Food-conducting cells-sieve tube members |
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Definition
-no secondary cell wall
-alive at maturity but lack most organelles
-companion cells
chains of sieve tube members, separated by poruous sieve plates, form the vascular tissue called phloem |
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Term
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Definition
-contain organelelles
-control operations of sieve tube members |
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