Term
| Digestion: You need your digestive system to |
|
Definition
| break down food into simple molecules that are more easily absorbed |
|
|
Term
| Digestion: The Digestive system consists of |
|
Definition
| mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestin (colon) |
|
|
Term
| Digestion: Also helpful are (secretions) |
|
Definition
| salvitory glands (parotid and sublingual) pancras, liver |
|
|
Term
| Digestion: Start of digestion happens in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What type of digestion? teeth crush mash and tear food |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What type of digestion? Amylase breaks carbs into sugars |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What type of digestion? stomach churns food into a think liquid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Digestion: What type of digestion?
pepsin breaks protiens into amino acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Digestion: What type of digestion?
bile breaks lipids into smaller fats |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Digestion: Where does this happen?
amylase breaks carbs into sugars |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Digestion: Where does this happen?
bile breaks lipids into smaller fats |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Digestion: Where does this happen?
pepsin breaks protiens into amino acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Digestion: Where does this happen?
The majority of neutriens are absorbed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: Where does this happen?water and vitamin absorbtion occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Digestion: Where does this happen?
enzymes and socium bicarbonate are released |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Digestion: Where does this happen?
bile is stored in an extremely concentrated form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Digestion: Where does this happen?
peristalsis moves a bolus of food from one place to another |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Digestion: Where does this happen?
a flap moves over the trachea to keep food from entering |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What does saliva do to food? |
|
Definition
| It makes it wet and soft and starts digestion |
|
|
Term
| Digestion: release of saliva is a ______ controled by what system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: saliva begins what type of digestion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What enzyme breaks down starch in the mouth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What enzyme digests bacterial walls and thus helps fight infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What is the tube called that runs between the mouth and the stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What is a chewed ball of food called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What is peristalsis? |
|
Definition
| muscle contactions that move food down the esophagus |
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What is the doorway between the esophagus and the stomach called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What kind of digestion happens in the stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What mechanical digestion happens in the stomach? |
|
Definition
| stomach muscles churn and mix food |
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What two chemicals continue digestion? |
|
Definition
| HCL (hydrocloric acid)and pepsin |
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What does pepsin digest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What is special about the environment that pepsin needs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What does not like an acidic environment? Why not? |
|
Definition
| Amylase, i denatures in the acid |
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What is chyme? |
|
Definition
| stomach fluids and partly digested food |
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What is the valve called that lets food into the small intestine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: Where does most of digestion and absorbtion occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What are the three parts of the small intestine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What is the first part of the small intestine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What is the second segment of the small intestine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What is the last part of the small intestine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What gets sent into the duodenum? Where is it from? |
|
Definition
| Enzymes and NaHCO3 from the pancreas, bile from the liver and gall bladder |
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What are villi? |
|
Definition
| They are the little fingers on the intestinal wall |
|
|
Term
| Digestion: Why are villi there? |
|
Definition
| The make more surface area for absorbtion |
|
|
Term
| Digestion: T/F When food leaves the small intestine there are still many neutrients left |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What is left after the small intestine? |
|
Definition
| Water, cellulose, and other undigestibles |
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What is the colon also called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Digestion: What does the colon do? |
|
Definition
| It removes water from the food. |
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: T/F Humans have an open circulatory system. |
|
Definition
| False. Humans have a closed circulatory system |
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: The human circulatory system is. . . single loop or double loop? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the circulatory system consist of? |
|
Definition
| heart, blood vessels, blood |
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: What does the circulatory system consist of? |
|
Definition
| heart, blood vessels, blood |
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: The heart is almost entirely of _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: the heart is enclosed by the __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: What muscle does the pumping in the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: How many times per minute does the heart beat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: What is the divider of the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: What does the septum do? |
|
Definition
| It keeps the non oxygenated blood from mixing with the oxygenaated blood |
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: What are the cranial chambers of the heart called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: What are the caudal regions of the heart called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: The right side of the heart takes blood to what other organ? |
|
Definition
| the lungs, pulmonary circulation |
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: Where does the left side of the heart take blood? What is this called? |
|
Definition
| the body, this is systematic circulation |
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: What keeps blood from moving backward? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: What are valves analagous to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: What is the pacemaker? |
|
Definition
| This is a small group of cardic muscle that start a wave of muscle contractions through the heart |
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: Where is the pacemaker or sinoatrial node? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: Which contracts first, the ventricles or the atrium? |
|
Definition
| the atriums contract first |
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: What are the three types if blood vessels? |
|
Definition
| arteries, capillaries, veins |
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: What type of blood do arteries carry? What is the exception to this? |
|
Definition
| Oxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary artery |
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: Who has thicker walls, the veins or the arteries? |
|
Definition
| the arteries do, this is to withstand the force of the blood pumping |
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: How big are capillaries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: What do cappilaries do? |
|
Definition
| the exchange neutrients, oxygen, CO2 and waste with cells |
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: Where do veins always take blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: What are varicose veins from? |
|
Definition
| blood pooling because of weak valves |
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: What do veins carry? What is the exception? |
|
Definition
| deoxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary veins |
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: What is blood pressure? |
|
Definition
| the force of the blood on the walls of the arteries |
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: What is normal blood pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: What does 120/80 represent? |
|
Definition
| systolic pressure over diastolic pressure (d for denominator) |
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: How does the body control blood pressure? |
|
Definition
| it uses neurotransmitters |
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: What is hypertension? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Circulatory system: What can happen if you have hypertension? |
|
Definition
| the heart works too hard and you can have a heart attack or stroke |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What is the point of the respiratory system? |
|
Definition
| to bring O2 into the body and get CO2 out of the body |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What does the respiratory system consist of? |
|
Definition
| Lungs, nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What is the first step of the respiratory path? |
|
Definition
| air moves in through the nose (or mouth) |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What is the second step of the respiratory path? |
|
Definition
| air moves into the pharynx |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What is the third step of the respiratory path? |
|
Definition
| the epiglottis moves to let air into the trachea |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What is the fourth step of the respiratory path? |
|
Definition
| Air moves past the larynx (voice box) and then through the rest of the trachea |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What is the fifth step of the respiratory path? |
|
Definition
| Air goes onto the two bronchi that lead into the lungs |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What is the sixth step of the respiratory path? |
|
Definition
| bronchi divide into bronchioles |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What is the seventh step of the respiratory path? |
|
Definition
| BRonchioles keep dividing to get smaller and smaller until they dead end in alveoli |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What is the eighth step of the respiratory path? |
|
Definition
| alveoli are surrounded by capillaries where CO2 and O2 are exchanged |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What is the ninth step of the respiratory path? |
|
Definition
| the whole process happens backwards to get the CO2 out |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What is the first line of defense your body has to ward off sickness? |
|
Definition
| cilia in the nose and trachea that wave particles away, and mucus to trap particles |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: How many alveoli are in each lung? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What makes O2 diffusion more efficient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: Hoe much more O2 does hemoglobin let your blood carry? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What is breathing? |
|
Definition
| the act of moving air in and out of your lungs |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What is the sac surrounding the lungs called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What is the diaphragm? |
|
Definition
| The muscle at the base of the thoracic cavity |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What happens to inhale? (increase or decrease) |
|
Definition
| the diaphragm contracts, the rib cage rises, volume of chest cavity increases as air rushes in to fill the space |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What happens when you exhale? |
|
Definition
| diaphragm relaxes, rib cage lowers, space becomes smaller, air is pushed out |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: Larger exhales require ________ for a stronger push |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What is the part of the brain that controls breathing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What does the medulla ablongata monitor the level of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: When CO2 levels are two high, what happens? |
|
Definition
| cells trigger nerves to make the diaphragm contract and breath out, more CO2, stronger impulse |
|
|
Term
Respiratory system: What is. . .
a stimulant that increases your heart rate and blood pressure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Respiratory system: What is. . .
something that keeps hemoglobin from binding with O2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Respiratory system: What is. . .
carcinogenic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What do the toxins in cigarettes do? |
|
Definition
| they keep cilia from working |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: If the cilia are not working, what is left? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What happens when mucus builds up? |
|
Definition
| the respiratory tract swells and air flow is reduced |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: Smoking reduces your ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What is it called when your bronchi swell and become clogged with mucus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What is it called when your lungs loose elasticity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: What happens if your lungs have reduced elasticity? |
|
Definition
| The tissue can not get enough O2 or release enough CO2 |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory system: How long do you have to live if you have lung cancer? |
|
Definition
| generally less that 5 years |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: The urogenital system consists of what two systems? |
|
Definition
| Excretory and reproductive |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What is excretion? |
|
Definition
| the process of eliminating metabolic wastes |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What are examples of metabolic wastes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What is urea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: T/F Urea is in urine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: T/F Urea is urine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What removes urea from the bloodstream? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What are the two parts of the kidney? |
|
Definition
| renal cortex and the renal medulla |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What takes urine to the urinary bladder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What is the renal cortex made up of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: T/F all of the nephrons in the kidney work together and need each other to function |
|
Definition
| False. Each nephron is its own working unit |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: Each nephron has a loop of ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: The loops of ________ lead into the __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: Each nephron has its own blood supply. What velsels make this up? |
|
Definition
| arterioles, venules, and capillaries |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: Blood goes into the nephron via a _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What happens while the blood in the nephron is flowing through the capillaries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: Where do impurities go from the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: Where does the purified blood go? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What are the two steps in blood purification? |
|
Definition
| filtration and reabsorbtion |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: Where does filtration take place? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What is the glomerulus? |
|
Definition
| a ball of capillaries surrounded by a bowmans capsule |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: How does the filtrate get into the bowman's capsule? |
|
Definition
| the blood goes through at such high speed that all of the small impurities get spun out into the bowman's capsule. |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: Why don't the red blood cells and platelets get filtered out too? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What is reabsorbtion? |
|
Definition
| this is the process where the stuff that is needed in the blood is put back in |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: How much water from the bowman's capsule gets reabsorbed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What makes up urine? |
|
Definition
| urea + water + salts + other stuff |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What causes Kidney stones? |
|
Definition
| crystalization of salts in the urine |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What tells the blood what it should have in it? What is in control. |
|
Definition
| Most of the time things simply move down the consentration gradient, sometimes the endocrine system releases hormones in response to something in the blood |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: T/F You can live fine with just one kidney |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What happens if you have no kidneys? |
|
Definition
| you need to get a transplant or dialysis |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What is dialysis? |
|
Definition
| A machine filters your blood for you and then puts it back into your body. |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What is the point of the male reproductive system? |
|
Definition
| to produce and deliver sperm |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What is the scrotum? |
|
Definition
| the sac that holds the testes |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: Why are the testes outside of the body? |
|
Definition
| The need to be kept at a slightly lower temperature than the rest of the body |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: Where are sperm produced? |
|
Definition
| in the seminiferous tubeuoles |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: How many seminiferous tubuoles are in each testis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What is in the head of a sperm? The middle? The tail? |
|
Definition
| head=DNA, mid piece=mitochondria, tail=a flagellum |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: From the testis, where do the sperm go? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: Form the epididymis sperm go into the _____ ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: From the Vas deferens they go to the _______ and eventually out the ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What is seminal fluid? What is its job? |
|
Definition
| it is a fluid that is made to feed and protect the sperm |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What is in semen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: How many sperm are there in one drop of semen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What is the point of the female reproductive system? |
|
Definition
| to produce eggs and get the body ready for an embryo |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What are eggs called? |
|
Definition
| Ovum (singular) or Ova (plural) |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What are all females born with? |
|
Definition
| primary follicles which are immature eggs. |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What happens to a primary follicle each month? |
|
Definition
| It goes through meiosis and produces 3 polar bodies and one mature egg |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What is ovulation? |
|
Definition
| the process of releasing a mature egg |
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: Where does the egg go from the ovary? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: Are the fallopian tubes and the ovaries attached? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: What moves the ovum through the fallopian tubes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urogenital System: Where is the egg fertilized? |
|
Definition
|
|
