Term
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Definition
- receives sensory input from receptors
- contains motor neurons
- spinal reflexes
- contains descending fibers that influence activity of spinal nerves |
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Term
| touch and vibration sensed by: |
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Definition
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Term
| pain and tempearture sensed by |
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Definition
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Term
| proprioception sensed by: |
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Definition
- intrafusal muscle fibers spindle Ia and II
- golgi tendon organ (I-b) |
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Term
| patella reflex is a ___ reflex aka ___ ___ reflex. |
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Definition
- myotatic reflex
- deep tendon reflex |
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Term
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Definition
1. receptor- site of stimulus
2. sensory neuron- transmits the afferent impulse (DRG)
3. integration region- syaptic region within CNS
4. motor neuron- efferent impulses from integration center to the effector
5. effector- muscle fiber or gland that responds to efferent impulse |
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Term
| flexion reflex aka ___ reflex. |
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Definition
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Term
| with the flexion reflex, ___ are stimulated, and ___ activate alpha motor neurons that supply __ muscles and cause flexor contraction. With the reciprocal inhibition, the ___ inhibit the alpha motor neurons that supply the ___ ___ muscles. |
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Definition
- nociceptors (pain)
- interneurons
- flexor
- interneruons
- antagonist extensor |
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Term
| the inverse myotatic reflex is aka as: |
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Definition
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Term
| the inverse myotatic reflex aka golgi tendon reflex is the opposite of the flexion reflex. Explain. |
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Definition
- golgi tendon reflex causes skeletal muscle to relax and extend during contraction, and antagonist muscles contract instead
- so even though tension is increasing during contraction the alpha motor neuron is inhibited so get relaxation and extension |
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Term
| crossed extension reflex is another name for the ___ reflex. explain. |
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Definition
| withdrawal reflex. On side of stimulus the flexors contract and extensors relax, but the other side the extensors contract and the flexors relax |
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Term
| superficial reflexes are initiated by ___ ___ stimulation. |
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Definition
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Term
| plantar reflex is initiated how? |
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Definition
- superficial reflex
- stimulate lateral aspect of sole of foot |
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Term
| response to plantar reflex should be: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
abnormal plantar reflex, indicating upper motor neuron damage
- great toe dorsiflexes and other toes fan laterally |
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Term
| spinal cord ascending tracts: |
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Definition
- spinothalamic (only tract to cross in spinal cord)
- dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway
- spinocerebellar |
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Term
| spinal cord descending tracts: |
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Definition
- Corticospinal
- Lateral Rubrospinal tract- goal directed movements
- medial tracts:
- Vestibulospinal: posture/balance (extensors)
- Reticulospinal: posture and muscle tone
- Tectospinal: head movements |
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Term
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Definition
inhibitory interneurons found in gray matter of spinal cord
- receive excitatory collateral from alpha motor neurons as they emerge from spinal cord
- they send inhibitory axon to synapse with cell body of initial alpha motor neuron or just another alpha motor neuron of the same pool |
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Term
| Renshaw cells are a method of __ ___ inhibition. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- virus selectively attacks ventral horn cells affecting movement
- LMN lesion |
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Term
| Tabes dorsalis is form of ____, characterized by damage to the ___ columns. Patients exhibit ___ ___. They also have ___ ___. |
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Definition
- neurosyphilis
- dorsal columns
- sensory ataxia
- Romberg's side: inability to maintain steady posture with feet close together, after the eyes are closed b/c of loss of proprioceptive input |
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Term
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is aka ___ ___ ___. This is a ___ degenerative disease affecting the ___ tracts (and other motor desceding pathways) along with __ ___ of cranial nerves and ventral horn motor cells. |
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Definition
- Lou Gherig's disease
- bilateral
- corticospinal
- motor nuclei |
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Term
| real name for lou gherigs disease: |
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Definition
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis- bilateral degeneration of corticospinal tracts and motor nuclei of cranial nerves and ventral horn motor roots |
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Term
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Definition
- central cavitation beginning in cervical region with glial reaction (gliosis) adjacent to cavity
- decussation fibers for pain and temperature in the ventral white commissure are interrupted early
- cavitation and gliosis spreads into gray and white matter and longitudinally
- classical symptom= yokelike anesthesia for pain and temperature over shoulder and upper limbs accompanied by LMN weakness and consequent wasting of the muscles of upper limbs |
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Term
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Definition
1. ipsilateral lower motor neuron paralysis in segment of lesion(ventral horn)
2. ipsilateral upper motor neuron paralysis below lesion (corticospinal tract)
- ipsilateral loss of sensation in segment of lesion (dorsal columns)
- ipsilateral loss of proprioception, fine touch below the lesion (dorsal columns)
- contralateral loss of pain below the lesion (dorsal horn) |
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