bp

1. arterial circuit=80-100mmHg

2. venous circuit=<10mmHg

bv

1. arterial circuit=700 mL

2. venous circuit=2500mL

the blood pressure of which circuit is effected more by volume change?

which cicuit has the largest operating range?

the arterial bp is affected more by volume change

venous has the largest operating range

considering an artery and vein of 1cm external diameter:

which has thicker vessel walls?

arteries

considering an artery and vein of 1cm external diameter:

which has greater quantities of protein and smooth muscle?

considering an artery and vein of 1cm external diameter:

which is more compliant?

define "compliance"

what is low compliance?

'

what is high compliance?

capacity to stretch when pressure is applied

low: little stretching when pressure is applied=BP maintenance

high: much stretching when pressure is applied=BP changes

considering an artery and vein of 1cm external diameter:

which maintains bp better?

considering an artery and vein of 1cm external diameter:

which is considered a capacitance vessel and what does that mean?

capacitance vessel refers to the vessel that holds the most of the bodies blood volume

that would be a vein

1. hi blood volume=hi bp

2. hi compliance=lower bp

3. hi resistance=hi pressure

what is flow

what is the equation

flow=perfusion pressure/resistance

flow is the quantity of blood that passes by a point per unit time

radius

decrease in radius ALSO increases friction

consider and artery with .1mm radius. indicate whether blood pressure and blood velocity would be hi, low or intermediate under the following conditions:

complete vasodilation

bp low

velocity lower

consider and artery with .1mm radius. indicate whether blood pressure and blood velocity would be hi, low or intermediate under the following conditions:

complete vasoconstriction

bp increase

velocity would increase

consider and artery with .1mm radius. indicate whether blood pressure and blood velocity would be hi, low or intermediate under the following conditions:

normal

laminar flow is when the fastest moving blood is in the center of the 3D vessel and the concentric blood is moving in progressivly slower rings until the slowest blood is right up against the wall.

parabolic flow is achieved only once laminar flow has reached a maximum

linear velocity is the distance traveled by a quantity of blood per unit time

it is greatest at the center of a vessel due to the lack of friction

aorta and vena cava have the highest (aorta=33.33, vc=10.42)

the capillary beds have the lowest flow velocity b/c their cross sectional area is so huge

on a functional basis, why does it make sense for the blood flow to be so slow in capillary beds?

why doesn't blood get backed up as a result of the cappillaries being so slow?

this is where diffusion of gases, nutrients and waste occur

capillaries are super short so even though blood moves slowly, it doesn't take long for it to get all the way through

produce a plot of blood pressure and vessel class?

as well as a plot of cross sectional area and vessel class

(on the provided graph ignore the velocity line)

the aorta, arteries and some arterioles experience pulsatile flow

capillaries, venules and veins have smooth flow

what is the basis for pulsatile flow?

how is it related to diastolic and systolic bp?

pulsatile flow is the resultant variations in pressure due to the sytoles and diastoles of the heart during the heart cycle.

diastolic bp (max bp prior to ejection phase) is measured at the bottom of one of the pulses in an artery

systolic bp (max bp during ejection) is measured at the top of a pulse

define TPR

what is the major determinant of TPR?

total peripheral resistance=the summed resistance of all vessels in a class

the arteriole classes

what are the resistance vessels and why?

what happens to the blood pressure at this point?

arteriole classes because the collective resistance of the tiny arterioles is MUCH greater than that of the stem arteries that they come off of. this is due to the big change in radius from a small artery to an arteriole.

compared to other vessel classes, going from small arteries to arterioles there is also less branching which also contributes to the high resistance.

bp drops significantly

increased sv

increased hr

what are the relationships (equation) between

F, MAP, CO and TPR?

MAP=CO X TPR

F is directly related to MAP

1. increase systolic BP=increase CO

2. increase diastolic BP=increase TPR b/c increase in dbp is going to be the result of some vasoconstriction

what divisions effect SV?

what divisions effect HR?

in relation to vasoconstriction and vasodialation,

what do the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions do?

sympathetic: vasoconstriction

parasympathetic: vasodialation