Term
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Definition
| CONDUCTING AIRWAYS THAT BRING AIR INTO AND OUT OF THE LUNGS. |
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Term
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Definition
| AREA LINED WITH ALVEOLI, WHERE GAS EXCHANGE OCCURS |
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Term
| CONTENTS OF CONDUCTING ZONE: |
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Definition
| NOSE, NASOPHARNYX, LARNYX, TRACHEA, BRONCHI, BRONCHIOLES, TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF THE SYMPATHETIC/PARASYMPATHETIC ON THE SMOOTH MUSCLE OF THE CONDUCTIVE AIRWAY? |
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Definition
SYMPATHETIC:ACTIVIATE b2 RECEPTORS ON BRONCHIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE LEADING TO DIALATION OF THE AIRWAYS.
PARASYMPATHETIC: ACTIVATE MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS LEADS TO CONSTRICTION OF AIRWAYS. |
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Term
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Definition
| CONDUCTIVE AIRWAY SMOOTH MUSCLE RECEPTORS FOR ADRENERGIC MOLECULES OF SYMPATHETIC RESPONSE; LEAD TO DIALATION |
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Term
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Definition
| CONDUCTIVE AIRWAY SMOOTH MUSCLE RECEPTOR FOR CHOLENERGIC MOLECULES OF THE PARASYMPATHETIC SYS; LEADS TO CONSTRICTION. |
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Term
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Definition
| BETA 2 ADRENERGIC AGONIST LEADING TO SYMPATHETIC RESPONSE. |
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Term
| NAME THREE BETA 2 ADRENERGIC AGONISTS: |
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Definition
1. EPINEPHRINE
2. ISOPROTERENOL
3. ALBUTEROL |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
NAME THE ALVEOLAR EPITHELIAL CELLS:
FXN: |
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Definition
TYPE I & II PNEUMOCYTES
TYPE II SYNTHESIZE PULMONARY SURFACTANT FOR REDUCTION OF SURFACE TENSION OF ALVEOLI. |
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Term
NAME THE PHAGOCITIC CELLS OF THE ALVEOLI:
FXNl |
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Definition
ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES
KEEP ALVEOLI FREE OF DUST AND DEBRI; ALVEOLI HAVE NO CILLIA FOR THIS FXN. |
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Term
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Definition
| MEASURES STATIC VOLUMES OF THE LUNG |
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Term
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Definition
NORMAL, QUIET INSPIRATION/EXPIRATION
500mL (volume of air that fills the alveoli + volume of air that fills the airways) |
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Term
| INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME: |
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Definition
| ADDITIONAL VOLUME THAT CAN BE INSPIRED ABOVE TIDAL VOLUME (apx 3000mL) |
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Term
| EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME: |
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Definition
| ADDITIONAL VOLUME THAT CAN BE EXPIRED BELOW TIDAL VOLUME (1200mL) |
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Term
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Definition
| VOLUME REMAINING AFTER A MAXIMAL FORCED EXPIRATION (1200mL); CAN'T BE MEASURED BY SPIROMETER |
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Term
| NAME FOUR LUNG CAPACITIES: |
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Definition
1. INSPIRITORY CAPACITY (IC)
2. FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY (FRC)
3. VITAL CAPACITY (VC)
4. TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY (TLC) |
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Term
| INSPIRATORY CAPACITY (IC) |
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Definition
| TIDAL VOLUME + INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME |
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Term
| FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY (FRC) |
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Definition
EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (ERV) + RESIDUAL VOLUME = apx 2400mL
THAT IS REMAINING IN THE LUNGS AFTER A NORMAL TIDAL VOLUME IS EXPIRED |
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Term
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Definition
| INSPIRATORY CAPACITY + EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOL. = apx 4700mL ; VOL. THAT CAN BE EXPIRED AFTER MAX. INSPIRATION. |
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Term
| TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY (TLC) |
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Definition
| VITAL CAPACITY + RESIDUAL VOL.= apx 5900mL |
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Term
| WHICH LUNG CAPACITY IS OF GREATEST INTERSEST? WHY? |
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Definition
| FRC; IT IS THE RESTING OR EQUILIBRIUM VOL. OF THE LUNGS |
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Term
| 2 WAYS TO MEASURE THE FRC: |
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Definition
| HELIUM DILUTION & BODY PLETHYSMOGRAPH |
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Term
| CELL TYPE THAT CONTRIBUTES 95% OF THE STRUCTURE TO ALVEOLI |
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Definition
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Term
| WHICH CELLS SECRETE SURFACTANT? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| DECREASES SURFACE TENSION ALLOWING ALVEOLI OF SMALL DIAMETER NOT TO COLLAPSE |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| HOW DOES RADIUS OF AIRWAY AFFECT RESISTANCE? |
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Definition
| SMALL REDUCTIONS IN r CAN GREATLY INCREASE R |
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Term
| WHERE DOES THE GREATEST AMOUNT OF AIRWAY RESISTANCE OCCUR? |
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Definition
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Term
| RECEPTORS OF SM THAT ARE RESPOSIBLE FOR BRONCHDILATION: |
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Definition
| BETA 2 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC |
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Term
| RECEPTORS ON SM THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR BRONCHCONSTRICTION |
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Definition
| MUSCARINIC; CHOLINERGIC, PARASYMPATHETIC |
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Term
| HIGH LUNG VOLUMES: DECREASE OR INCREASE R? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT 2 FORCES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR NEG PRESSURE MAINTAINED IN THE PLEURAL SPACE? |
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Definition
| ELASTIC RECOIL OF TISSUE AND LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF PLEURAL FLUID |
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Term
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Definition
| AIR INTRODUCED INTO THE PLEURAL SPACE; LUNGS COLAPSE CHEST WALL SPRINGS OUT |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE MAJOR COLLAPSING FORCE IN THE LUNG? |
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Definition
| SURFACE TENSION FOLLOWED BY ELASTIN |
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Term
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Definition
| DIPALMITYL PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE MAKES UP SURFACTANT |
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Term
| WHEN DEALING WITH SURFACE TENSION AS DIAMETER DECREASES SURFACE TENSION & COLLAPSING FORCE: |
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Definition
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Term
| WHEN DOES SURFACTANT SYNTHESIS BEGIN IN FETUS? |
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Definition
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Term
| SURFACTANT IS ALWAYS PRESENT AT WHAT WEEK GESTATION? |
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Definition
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Term
| GIVEN THE PROPERTIES OF SURFACE TENSION WHY IS WURFACTANT EVEN MORE IMPORTANT IN INFANTS? |
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Definition
| ALVEOLAR DIAMETER IS MUCH SMALLER, THEREFORE COLLAPSING FORCES ARE MUCH GREATER |
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Term
| 2 TREATMENTS FOR NEONATAL REPIRATORY DISTRESS: |
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Definition
1. POSITIVE PRESSURE OXYGEN
2. INTRODUCE SURFACTANT INTO LUNGS |
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Term
| DEFINE TRANSPULMONARY PRESSURE |
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Definition
| PRESSURE DIFFERENCE BTWN ALVEOLAR PRESSURE AND PLEURAL PRESSURE; THE GREATER THE PRESSURE DIF THE GREATER THE TENDENCY FOR ALVEOLI TO INFLATE |
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Term
| MINUTE VENTILATION FORMULA |
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Definition
| Vt(TIDAL VOL) x BREATHS/MINUTE = MINUTE VENTILATION |
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Term
| PERSONS CAN SURVIVE FOR A SHORT TIME WITH A MINUTE VENTILATION AS LOW AS: |
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Definition
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Term
| NORMAL MINUTE VENTILATION = |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO PHYSIOLOGIC DEAD SPACE: |
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Definition
| ALVEOLI NOT PARTICIPATING IN GAS EXCHANGE AND THE CONDUCTING AIRWAYS |
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Term
| VOLUME OF NORMAL PHYSIOLOGIC DEAD SPACE |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 ASSUMPTIONS IN CA;CULATING PHYSIOLOGIC DEAD SPACE: |
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Definition
1. CO2 IN EXPIRED AIR IS COMMING FROM VENTILATED ALVEOLI
2. NO CO2 IN INSPIRED AIR
3. PHYSIOLOGIC DEAD SPACE DOES NOT CONTRIBUTE CO2
4. [CO2]IN ALVEOLI = [CO2] IN ARTERIAL |
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Term
| PHYSIOLOGIC DEAD SPACE FORMULA: |
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Definition
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Term
| DEFINE ALVEOLAR VENTILATION RATE |
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Definition
| MINUTE VENTILATION RATE CORRECTED FOR PHYSIOLOGIC DEAD SPACE |
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Term
| HOW IS ALVEOLAR VENTILATION USED |
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Definition
| MAJOR FACTOR IN DETERMINING ALVEOLAR O2 AND CO2 CONCENTRATIONS |
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Term
| ALVEOLAR VENTILATION FORMULA |
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Definition
| Va = (Vt - Vd) x BREATHS/min |
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