Term
| 2nd law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
universe is trending toward disorder, closed systems have increasing entropy
we use energy to maintain order |
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Term
| Kinds of energy in physiological systems (4) |
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Definition
Chemical
Electrical
Mechanical
Heat
they are all fundamentally dependent on each other |
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Term
| chemical energy in physiological systems |
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Definition
most common kind of energy
energy that is used or released in chemical bonds
main form of energy in body is ATP
endothermic reactions: take in energy
exothermic reactions: put out energy |
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Term
| electrical energy in physiological systems |
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Definition
energy created by voltage differences
used for neuronal signaling, osmoregulation |
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Term
| mechanical energy in physiological systems |
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Definition
| biological movement (muscles, organs) |
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Term
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Definition
| any process by an organism that increases order |
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Term
| high grade energy vs. low grade energy |
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Definition
high grade energy: energy that we can tap into for physiological work
low grade energy: energy that is not available for use
efficiency of transformation=output of high grade energy/input of high grade energy |
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Term
| physiological use of energy (3) |
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Definition
1. biosynthesis: making of new molecules, connections
2. maintenance: maintaining/repairing internal functions
3. generation of external work: ingesting energy to cause work |
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Term
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Definition
| work that crosses from body into external world (exercising, movement) |
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Term
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Definition
| energy use in living systems |
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Term
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Definition
(in homeotherms)
uses ATP to create heat/cooling mechanisms
as temp increases or decrease, BMR increases to maintain set point |
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Term
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Definition
(in poikilotherms)
no ATP is needed for thermoregulation
as temp decreases, metabolic rate decreases
as temp increase, metabolic rate increases |
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Term
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Definition
| when you're expending minimal energy to maintain temperature |
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Term
| what affects metabolic rate? (2) |
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Definition
1. activity (physical)
2. inherent properties (temp, eating, body size, hormonal status, salinity of water in aquatic animals)
effect of weight: relationship is not linear, as body weight increases the amount of energy needed (relative to body size) decreases |
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Term
| specific dynamic action (SDA) |
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Definition
| quick increase in metabolic rate that occurs after eating |
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Term
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Definition
primary chemical currency, form of energy
ATP is produced with O2 |
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