Term
The hormone which triggers the preovulatory surge of LH in all spontaneous ovulators is
a. FSH
b. estrogen
c. testosterone
d. progesterone
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Definition
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Term
The estrous cycle consists of the sequence
a. estrus, diestrus, metestrus, proestrus
b. metestrus, proestrus, estrus, anestrus
c. disestrus, proestrus, estrus, metestrus |
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Definition
| disestrus, proestrus, estrus, metestr |
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Term
The process of spermatogenesis requires
a. FSH only
b. FSH and Testosterone
c. Testosterone only
d. LH only |
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Definition
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Term
Fertilization occurs
a. in the uterus
b. in the cervix
c. in the oviduct near the utero-tubular junction
d. in the oviduct near the ampulla-isthmus junction |
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Definition
| in the oviduct near the ampulla-isthmus junction |
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Term
Fusion of sperm and egg is mediated through
a. acrosin
b. proacrosin
c. ZP1
d. none of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Sperm maturation occurs
a. in the testis
b. in the epididymis
c. in the vas deferens
d. in the seminal vesicle |
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Definition
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Term
Estrogen is the anti-luteolysis signal in
a. ruminants
b. primates
c. pigs
d. rodents
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Definition
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Term
Capacitation occurs in
a. uterus
b. testis
c. epididymis
d. efferent ducts |
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Definition
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Term
In certain species, hysterectomy prolongs the life of the corpus luteum
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
Progesterone regulates the process of decidualization
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
A client wants you to prolong gestation in his pregnant animals for 3 or 4 days. You would give
a. Estrogen
b. Progesterone
c. Cortisol
d. Oxytocin |
|
Definition
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Term
Early (first trimester) pregnancy would be terminated in all species by ovariectomy
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
Prolactin-like hormones are luteotropic in the
a. Rat b. Monkey
c. Human
d. Pig |
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Definition
|
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Term
The cells lining the lumen of the uterus are
a. Stromal cells
b. Epithelial cells
c. Decidual cells
d. Fibroblast cells |
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Definition
|
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Term
In many animals living in the temperate zones, the timing of the breeding season is controlled primarily by
a. Food supply
b. Photoperiod
c. Rainfall amount
d. Innate clock mechanism |
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Definition
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Term
The action of oxytocin on the breast involves
a. Stimulation of growth of alveolar epithelial cells
b. Stimulation of milk protein synthesis
c. Contraction of myoepithelial cells for ejection of milk
d. None of the above |
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Definition
| Contraction of myoepithelial cells for ejection of milk |
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Term
Which of the following statements is false?
a. The hormone relaxin acts on connective tissue and causes softening of the cervix
b. Relaxin is a peptide hormone released from CL or the placenta depending upon species
c. Synthesis of relaxin is stimulated by PGF2alpha
d. Relaxin facilitates contraction of the uterus during labor |
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Definition
| Relaxin facilitates contraction of the uterus during labor |
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Term
For synchronization of estrus in cows, you can
a. Give a single injection of prostaglandin
b. Give two injections of prostaglandin 10 days apart
c. Administer progesterone by implant for several days, then withdraw
d. Either B or C |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statement concerning milk
production by the breast is true?
a. It is stimulated by prolactin
b. It takes place in myoepithelial cells
c. It begins during the last month of pregnancy
d. It is stimulated by oxytocin |
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Definition
| It is stimulated by prolactin |
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Term
Colostrum has a high concentration of
a. growth factors
b. vitamins
c. immunoglobulins
d. Lipids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Match the species to the descriptor. Letters may or may not be used more than 1 time. 19. monoestrus, seasonal breeder, long luteal phase 20. induced ovulator 21. non-seasonal breeder, estrus cycle about 21 days 22. spontaneous ovulator, breeding season starts in autumn a. cat b. horse c. sheep d. dog e. domestic cow f. rodents |
|
Definition
19. dog 20. cat 21. domestic cow 22. sheep |
|
|
Term
24) Which hormone is not a luteotropin?
a. hCG
b. eCG
c. PGF2a
d. Prolactin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) endocrine
2) paracrine
3) autocrine |
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|
Term
|
Definition
1) intracellular
2) extracellular |
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|
Term
Biochemical Hormone Classifications:
|
|
Definition
1) peptide
2) glycoprotein
3) steroid
4) prostaglandin |
|
|
Term
Patterns of Hormone Secretions:
|
|
Definition
1) episodic
2) basal
3) sustained |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- gnrh
- lh
- fsh
- prolactin
- estrogen
- progesterone
- testosterone
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|
Term
|
Definition
| – hypothalamic, stimulates LH and FSH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
– from AP
Stimulates testosterone in males
Stimulates estrogen and progesterone in females |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
– from AP
Stimulates sertoli cells and spermatogenesis in males
Stimulates follicles and estrogen in females
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Term
|
Definition
| – from AP, supports CL and lactogenesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| – comes from sertoli cells, granulosa cells and placenta |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| – comes from CL and placenta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| – comes from leydig cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- oxytocin
- inhibin
- pgf2a
- relaxin
- pge2
- ecg
- hcg
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
- myometrial contractions in parturition
- milk let down in lactation
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|
Term
|
Definition
| – luteotroph of early pregnancy in primates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| – luteotroph of early pregnancy in horses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) follicular
2) ovulation
3) luteal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) proestrus
2) estrus
3) metestrus
4) diestrus |
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|
Term
Hormonal Events:
Female Reproduction (Non-Pregnant)
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|
Definition
E2 elevated during follicular phase
LH and FSH surge at ovulation
P4 elevated during luteal phase |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1) recruitment
2) selection
3) atresia or dominance |
|
|
Term
Hormonal Synthesis During Follicular Phase:
|
|
Definition
Stimulated by LH
Convert cholesterol to testosterone
Stimulated by FSH
Convert testosterone to estrogen
- Thus estrogen dominates follicular phase
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) progesterone
2) oxytocin
3) relaxin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Luteotrophs:
1) LH
2) Estrogen (pigs)
3) Prolactin (rats, dogs)
Luteolysis:
1) uterine PGF2a (most species)
2) ovarian PGF2a (primates) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dogs – nonpregnant luteal phase is almost as long as pregnancy
Rodents – mating stimulates prolactin → maintains CL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) capsule
a. tunica vaginalis
b. tunica albuginea
2) parenchyma
a. seminiferous tubules
i. sertoli cells
ii. germ cells
b. interstitial tissue
i. leydig cells
ii. blood vessels
iii. lymphatics
3) rete tubules |
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|
Term
|
Definition
1) efferent ducts
2) epididymal ducts (epididymus)
a. head
b. body
c. tail
3) ductus deferens |
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|
Term
| Phases of Spermatogenesis: |
|
Definition
1) proliferative
2) meiotic
3) spermiogenesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. golgi
b. cap
c. acrosomal
d. maturation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
1) FSH
2) Testosterone (indirectly LH) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) Site of Sperm Deposition 2) Capacitation
3) Attachment Reaction
4) Acrosomal Reaction
5) Sperm-egg fusion
6) Cortical reaction
7) Embryo transport
8) Implantation
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primate
Rabbit
Cattle
Sheep
Horse
Dog
Pig
Rodent |
|
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Term
| Hormones affecting Implantation: |
|
Definition
Requires E2 and P4
E2 – uterine epithelial proliferation
P4 – uterine stromal cell proliferation/differentiation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ruminants – embryonic INF-t → uterine prolactin
Pigs – embryonic E2 → inhibits uterine PGF2a
Primates – hCG
Rodents – copulation stimulated prolactin
Cats and dogs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) zona hatching
2) apposition
3) adhesion
4) invasion (not in ruminants, horses or pigs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rodents – suckling induced prolactin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hormonal Control:
1) ovarian progesterone and estrogen
2) ovarian progesterone; placental estrogen
3) placental progesterone and estrogen (mid to late pregnancy) |
|
|
Term
ovarian progesterone and estrogen preg maint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ovarian progesterone; placental estrogen
preg maint
|
|
Definition
a. cattle
b. goats
c. dogs
d. cats
e. pigs |
|
|
Term
placental progesterone and estrogen (mid to late pregnancy)
preg maint
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|
Definition
a. sheep
b. horse
c. human |
|
|
Term
placenta Vascular Organization:
|
|
Definition
1) choriovitelline – marsupials
2) chorioallantoic – most mammals |
|
|
Term
| placenta Gross Morphology: |
|
Definition
1) diffuse – pig
2) cotylendonary – cattle, sheep
3) zonary – cat, dog
4) discoidal – primate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) epitheliochorial – pig, horse, ruminant
2) endotheliochorial – dog, cat
3) hemochorial – primate, mouse
4) hemoendothelial – rabbit, rat |
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|
Term
Parturition:
1) Fetal Control
a. species
b. Mechanism
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|
Definition
i. Sheep
ii. Cow
iii. Goat
iv. Pig i. Stimulation of fetal cortical axis
ii. Steroidogenic pathways convert P4 to E2 |
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|
Term
parturition 2) Maternal Control
a. species
b. Mechanism
|
|
Definition
i. Rodent
ii. Rabbit
iii. Cat
iv. Dog i. Space limitations in uterus stimulate oxytocin
ii. Oxytocin stimulates myometrial contractions
iii. Oxytocin stimulates PGF2a to effect luteolysis |
|
|
Term
| parturition 3) Combine control |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
parturition Roles of Hormones:
- Progesterone
- Estrogen
- Oxytocin
- Prostaglandin
- Relaxin
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|
Definition
- – maintains pregnancy, decreased in parturition
- – stimulates myometrial preparation; synthesis of prostaglandins
- – synthesized in hypothalamus; myometrial contractions;
stimulates PGF2a release - – regression of CL, synthesis of relaxin
- – synthesized by CL or placenta; stimulated by PGF2a; softens
cervix and relaxes pelvic ligaments
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|
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Term
|
Definition
1) secretory
2) transcellular endocytosis/exocytosis
3) lipid
4) transcellular salt and water
5) paracellular |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1) structural and functional differentiation of ducts (last half of pregnancy)
2) completion of differentiation and synthesis (post-parturition) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) prolactin
2) glucocorticoids |
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