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Physiology Chapter Three
Cell Structure and Genetic Function
20
Physiology
Undergraduate 3
02/26/2014

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Term
Proteins that are partially embedded on one side of the plasma membrane are
Definition
peripheral proteins.
Term
How are the phospholipids arranged to form the plasma membrane?
Definition
double layer with hydrophobic tails facing inward toward each other
Term
Particulate matter is nonspecifically taken into cells by the process of____________.
Definition
endocytosis
Term
The process by which cells secrete cellular products into the extracellular environment is ___________.
Definition
exocytosis.
Term
what locations have ciliated cells?
Definition
respiratory and female reproductive systems
Term
Folds of the plasma membrane that increase surface area are called
Definition
microvilli
Term
Cells with large numbers of microvilli on their apical surface are probably involved in reabsorption of molecules during production of
Definition
urine.
Term
8. A cell which is actively involved in the detoxification of chemicals would contain large quantities of
Definition
peroxisomes
Term
9. The organelle involved in the production of energy is the_______________
Definition
mitochondrion
Term
10. The organelle that acts as enzymes for protein synthesis is the ____________
Definition
ribosome
Term
Cells actively involved in secreting proteins would contain large numbers or quantities of _________________
Definition
rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Term
Cells which contain large numbers of mitochondria and large amounts of smooth endoplasmic reticulum most likely are _____________________
Definition
skeletal muscle cells.
Term
What organelle functions to chemically modify cellular products and package them in vesicles?
Definition
Golgi apparatus
Term
The process of gene expression occurs as genetic ___________ and genetic____________
Definition
transcription

translation.
Term
Proteins and mRNA exit the nucleus via _____________
Definition
nuclear pores.
Term
How many genes does it appear that humans have?
Definition
25,000
Term
How many proteins does it appear that humans can produce?
Definition
100,000
Term
Chromatin that is active in genetic transcription is called ?
Definition
euchromatin.
Term
19. Genetic translation occurs in ribosomes located in the _____________ of the cell
Definition
- cytoplasm
Term
Protein synthesis requires ________ to link amino acids to specific _____________
Definition
aminoacyl-tRNA synthase

tRNA molecules.
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