Term
Characteristics of Trachea
cartilage present?
epithelium
blood supply
alveoli |
|
Definition
Yes cartilage
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
bronchial blood supply
no alveoli |
|
|
Term
Characteristics of Bronchi
cartilage?
epithelium
blood supply
alveoli |
|
Definition
yes cartilage
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
bronchial blood supply
no alveoli |
|
|
Term
characteristics of bronchioles
cartilage
epithelium
bloody supply
alveoli
|
|
Definition
no cartilage
simple cuboidal
bronchial
no alveoli |
|
|
Term
characteristics terminal brochioles
cartilage
epithelium
blood supply
alveoli
zone |
|
Definition
no cartilage
simple cuboidal epithelium
bronchial blood supply
no alveoli
conducting zone |
|
|
Term
characteristics respiratory bronchioles
cartilage
epithelium
blood supply
alveoli
zone |
|
Definition
no cartilage
simple cuboidal and simple squamous
pulmonary blood supply
yes alveoli
respiratory zone |
|
|
Term
alveolar ducts:
carilage
epithelium
blood supply
alveoli
|
|
Definition
no cartilage
simple squamous
pulmonary circulation
yes alveoli |
|
|
Term
alveolar sacs
cartilage
epithelium
blood supply
alveoli |
|
Definition
no cartilage
simple squamous epithelium
pulmonary blood supply
yes alveoli |
|
|
Term
| Equation for minute ventilation |
|
Definition
V(dot)E = VT x n
minute ventilation = tidal volume x respiratory rate |
|
|
Term
| Equation for dead space ventilation |
|
Definition
| dead space ventilation = minute ventilation - alveolar ventilation |
|
|
Term
| equation for alveolar ventilation |
|
Definition
| alveolar ventilation = minute ventilation - dead space ventilation |
|
|
Term
Define as relates to spirogram:
VT
IRV
ERV
RV
TLC
VC
IC
FRC |
|
Definition
VT=tidal volume, amount of gas in/expired in normal cycle
IRV = inspir. reserve volume, how much extra air you can inspire
ERV=expir. reserve volume, how much xtra air u can expire
RV = reserve volume, air you cant breathe out
TLC = total lung capactity, all air inculding RV
VC = vital capacity, all air w/o RV
IC = Inspir. capacity, amount u can inspir starting w/FRC
FRC = Functional residual capacity, how much air normally on reserve |
|
|
Term
Effect of cholinergic stimulation on respiratory muscle
Receptor subtype? |
|
Definition
bronchoconstriction
muscarinic
|
|
|
Term
effect of adrengeric stimulation on resp muscle
receptor? |
|
Definition
bronchodilation
B2 - adrenergic receptors |
|
|
Term
Effects on obstructive lung disease:
TLC
FRC
RV |
|
Definition
| All increased because residual volume has increased. Ppl with obstructive lung diseases have trouble breathing out |
|
|
Term
Effects on obstructive lung diease:
FVC
FEV1
FEV1/FVC |
|
Definition
All decreased.
FVC = forced vital capacity, FEV1 = forced exipratory volume
Ppl with obstructive disease have a lower FVC and FEV because they have trouble breathing out rapidly |
|
|
Term
Effects on obstructive lung disease:
lung compliance
airway resistance |
|
Definition
normal in bronchitis, increased in emphysema because of the destruction of parenchyma
increased resistance |
|
|
Term
effects on restrictive disease:
TLC
FRC
RV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Effects of resrictive disease on:
FVC
FEV1
FVC/FEV1 |
|
Definition
| Decreased but ratio increased because ppl with restrictive disease have an easy time breathing out |
|
|
Term
Effects of restrictive disease on:
lung compliance
airway resistance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Result of diaphram and external intercostal contraction
When do they contract |
|
Definition
diaphram contracts downward increasing vertical dimension of thoracic cavity. Active during inspiration
External intercostals elevate lower ribs up and out. Play secondary role during active inspiration |
|
|
Term
Scalene/sternocleidomastoid and muscles of upper respiratory tract:
What happens during contraction?
When does contraction occur? |
|
Definition
S/S - raise sternum and elevate ribs, enlarge upper thoracic cavity. Only active during forced inspiration
Upper tract muscles - reduce airflow resistance, only active during forced inspiration |
|
|
Term
abdominal muscles and internal intercostals:
what happens during contraction?
when does contraction occur?
|
|
Definition
ab muscles - increase intra abdominal pressue, exerts force on diaphram to expel air. Only active during forced expiration
internal intercostals - flatten thorax, pull ribs down and in. Only active during forced expiration |
|
|
Term
contraction of muscles of inspiration (increase/decrease)
intrathoraic volume
intrapleural pressure
intrapulmonary pressure
transpulmonary pressure
|
|
Definition
increases
decreases
decreases
increase |
|
|
