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Details Title: Physio Exam 2 Description: Ch 6. The Nervous System Total Flash Cards: 44 Created: 10/26/2006 20:03:18	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term 2 Types of cells in nervous system: Definition neurons & supporting cells Term Nervous system divided into: Definition central nervous system CNS (brain, spinal cord) & peripheral nervous system PNS (cranial nerves and spinal nerves) Term # of cranial nerves Definition 12 Term # of spinal nerves Definition 31 Term Supporting cells of PNS: (3) Definition schwann cells, nodes of ranvier, satellite cells Term Schwann cells Definition successive wrapping of the cell membrane, outer surface encased in glycoprotein basement membrane, provides insulation Term Nodes of Ranvier Definition unmyelinated areas between adjacent schwann cells that produce nerve impulses Term Satellite cells Definition support neuron cell bodies within ganglia Term Supporting cells of CNS: Definition oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells Term Oligodendrocytes Definition process occurs mostly postnatally, each has extensions that form myelin sheaths around several axons Term Image of brain cells: Definition Term Glial cell Definition (commonly called neuroglia or simply glia) non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system. In the human brain, glia are estimated to outnumber neurons by about 10 to 1. Term Atrocytes Definition most abundant glial cell, vascular processes terminate in end-feet that surround the capillaries, stimulate tight junctions which contribute to blood-brain barrier, regulate external environment of K+ and pH, take up K+ from ECF, NTS released from axons, and lactic acid (convert for ATP production) Term Microglia Definition phagocytes, migratory, act as immune cells of CNS, cleaning up debris... inhabits celebral spinal fluid Term Ependymal cells Definition secrete CSF, line ventricles, function as neural stem cells, can divide and progeny differentiate Term Two divisions of PNS: Definition afferent division and efferent division Term Afferent division Definition sensory information toward CNS Term Efferent division Definition motor division away from CNS (activates muscles and glands) Term Two motor neuron systems of efferent division (PNS): Definition somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system Term Somatic nervous system Definition motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles (PNS - efferent division) Term Autonomic nervous system Definition neurons that innervate cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands Term Functional classification of neurons are based upon... Definition direction impulses conducted Term Sensory/afferent neurons Definition conduct impulses from sensory receptors to CNS Term Motor/efferent neurons Definition conduct impulses out of CNS to effector organs Term Association neurons/interneurons Definition located entirely within the CNS, serve an integrative function or reflex Term Types of neurons Definition Term Major levels of CNS function (3): Definition spinal cord, brainstem, cerebrum & cerebral cortex Term Spinal cord Definition inferior portion of CNS, receives sensory input from periphery, transmits nerve impulses to ascending pathways or sensory input to brain and descending pathways from brain to motor neurons in the spinal cord, regulates voluntary and involuntary movements, processes reflexes Term Brainstem Definition receives sensory input and initiates motor output via cranial nerves III through XII & controls, regulates, mediates basic life-saving functions, including respiration, circulation and digestion Term Brainstem consists of (3): Definition medulla, pons, and midbrain Term Cerebrum and cerebral cortex: Definition only structure of the telencephalon, largest portion of the brain (80% mass), responsible for higher mental functions, consists of corpus callosum Term Corpus callosum Definition major tract of axons that functionally interconnects right and left cerebral hemispheres Term Cerebral cortex characterized by: Definition numerous convolutions, elevated folds (gyri), depressed grooves (sulci Term Cerebral cortex Definition increases surface area & responsible for intellect, thought, personality, initiation of movement, sensory perception, language, skills, etc Term The Brain Definition integration center, *forebrain: cerebrum, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, *midbrain, *hindbrain - pons, medulla, cerebellum Term Injury of forebrain vs hindbrain: Definition injury to forebrain (such as hypothalamus) probably live, injury to hindbrain will likely lead to death Term Image of brainstem (midbrain, pons, and medulla) Definition Term How many hemispheres of the cerebrum? Definition 2 Term Cerebrum is composed of ___ matter and ___ matter Definition gray, white Term Gray matter Definition consists of neuron cell bodies and dendrites; outer surface and forms cerebral cortex Term White matter (myelin) Definition consists of axon tracts: projection (descending/ascending), association (from one region to the other within the same hemisphere), commisural (corpus callosum, from one hemisphere to the other) Term Lobes of the cerebrum (4): Definition frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal Term Frontal lobe (cerebral cortex) Definition voluntary motor activity, speaking, higher intellectual ability (anterior portion of each cerebral hemisphere; percentral gyri; body regions with the greatest number of motor innervation are represented by largest areas of motor cortex) Term Parietal lobe (cerebral cortex) Definition process sensory information (primary area responsible for perception somatoesthetic sensation;body regions with highest densities of receptors are represented by largest area of sensory cortex)