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Physio Cell Structures
Names and functions of basic cell structures
19
Biology
11th Grade
01/12/2011

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Term
cell membrane
Definition
allows movement of materials into and out of the cell
Term
vacuole
Definition
stores water, undigested food or waste
Term
Golgi bodies
Definition
modify and package proteins and secretions
Term
mitochondria
Definition
releases energy via oxidation of food materials; important in cell respiration
Term
centrioles
Definition
are active during cell division; move to opposite sides of cell and form spindle fibers
Term
nuclear membrane
Definition
core of the cell, allows for movement of materials
Term
chromatin
Definition
unorganized DNA chromosomes
Term
ribosomes
Definition
made in the nucleolus, manufacture proteins, can attach to ER
Term
nucleolus
Definition
assembles ribosomes, directs manufacture of RNA
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
transport materials within the cytoplasm, detoxify drugs, metabolize fats
Term
lysosomes
Definition
contain disgestive enzymes, get rid of harmful substances
Term
peroxisomes
Definition
numerous in kidney and liver cells, detoxify, convert radicals to H2O2
Term
cytoskeleton
Definition
supports organelles, determines shape of cell
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
filled with cytosol to suspend structures, includes pigments, fat and mucus
Term
cilia
Definition
hair-like extensions of a cell, made of centrioles and microtubules
found in respiratory and reproductive systems
Term
flagella
Definition
long whip, propels sperm cell
Term
microtubules
Definition
involved in cell division, shape and organelle distribution, biggest of 3
Term
intermediate filaments
Definition
form desmosomes; prevents cells from being pulled apart
Term
microfilaments
Definition
smallest of 3, changes in shape and mobility
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