Term
|
Definition
ECF: 14L.(0.2*body weight)
10.5 insterstitial. 3.5 Plasma.
ICF: 28L(0.4*body weight) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Surface area * concentration gradient *
membrane permeability/ membrane thickness
Membrane permeability =
Lipid solubility / molecular size |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the pressure necessary to stop movement
of water a cross a selectively
permeable membrane that seperates the
solution from pure water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Osmotic pressure generated by the
dissolved solute molecules in 1L of
solvent. Temperature dependent
Glucose does not dissociate in water. 1 mole glucose = 1 osm glucose
NaCl does dissociate. 1 mole NaCl = 2 osm NaCl
Typical cell 300 miliosmolar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Number of molecules dissolved in 1 Kg of water.
Independent of temperature.
Used in clinical situations.
Only decreases if pure water is added. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
EMF = +-61 * Log(Concentration inside/concentration outside)
Nernst potential: potential level
across a membrane that prevents net
diffusion of an ion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Membrane potential becomes more positive(closer to threshold) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fewer active ion channels -> fewer positive ions leaving the cell -> more positive ions left within the cell -> resting membrane potential becomes more positive |
|
|
Term
| Chemicals effect Na+ and K+ channels |
|
Definition
tetrodotoxin(puffer fish: Blocks Na+
Saxitoxi(red dinoflagellates): Blocks Na+
tetraethylammonium(TEA): blocks L+
channels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Slow is by axoplasmic flow.
Enzymes and cytoskeleton proteins
Fast: Uses microtubules and ATP
Vesicles and mitochondria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| i. Diameter: large diameter axons have a larger space constant and transmit signals faster due to less cytoplasmic resistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Motor axons:
Small myelinated B fibers or
unmyleinated C
Post-ganglionic sympathetic:
Axons are unmyelinated c fibers |
|
|
Term
| Sympathetic VS parasympathetic NTs |
|
Definition
Both release ACH onto Nicotinic receptors at first synapse.
Postganglionic sympathetic:
Norepinephrine onto adrenergic
Postganglion parasympathetic:
ACH onto muscarinic receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
M1: decrease in K+ conductance via
phospholipase C -> depolarization
M2: Increase in K+ conductance by
inhibiting adenyl cyclase.
hyperpolarization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Myasthenia Gravis: autoimmune disease
body fails to recognize AcH receptors
as self. Attacks smaller skeletal
muscles. Drooped eyelid, difficulty
chewing, swallowing and talking.
Atropine blocks Ach receptors. Blocks PNS activity |
|
|
Term
Post-ganglionic Ach Receptors.
Blocked by what? |
|
Definition
Nicotinic: Blocked by curare
Muscarinic: blocked by atropine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine.
Synthesized from L-tryosine.
Dopamine-> norepinephrine by dopamine hydroxylase.
Adrenergic = receptor for catecholamines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NMDA: allow Na+, k+ and Ca++ to enter
Change in Ca++ acts as secondary messengar
Receptors contain sites for glutamate and co activator glycine.
Mg++ blocks pore in hyperpolarized state |
|
|
Term
AMPA receptor
Kainate receptor |
|
Definition
glutamate receptors
AMPA: Generate a fast EPSP
Kainate: work with AMPA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
In long term potentiation glutamate binds to AMP and NMDA.
NMDA only opens when receptor binds glutamate and cell is depolarized. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NOrmally allow Cl- into cell.
General anesthetics prolong open time of GABA receptor channels.
Benzodiazepine and barbiturates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most are G protein coupled receptors(indirect/slow)
5-ht3 are ligand gated, mediate excitatory responses.
Targeted to prevent nausea |
|
|
Term
| Ionotropic vs Metabotropic |
|
Definition
Ionotropic receptor: Ligand gated, Fast.
Directly linked to channel.
Rapid effects(milliseconds): End-plate potential at Ach synapses
EPSP: glutamatergic
IPSP: GABA
Metabotropic: Gprotein, slower response. |
|
|
